hemato Flashcards

1
Q
A

anemia megaloblastica

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

definiciones de anemia

A
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4
Q

a quien le haces tamizaje de anemia

A

infantes y gestantes

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5
Q

metodo dx que te permite clasf las anemias

A

extendido de sangre periferica ( volumen , forma y color) solo en aquello que lo han recibido transfuciones de sangre recientes

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6
Q

a quien le das tx eritripoyetico

A

insf renal cronica
vih que recibe zidovidina
cancer, ancianos no necesitan

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7
Q
A

trae una anemia ferropriva esta es disminucion ee ferritina serica microciticq hipocromica

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8
Q

dato la primcipal causa de perdida sangunieq sin causa aparente en varones es

A

perdia de sangre de tubo digestivo, en pacientes con ulveras peptica recidivante como el caso anterior pensar en eso..

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

ed de oro de anemia ferropenica

A

azul de prusia( tincion para hemosiderina de un aspirado de medula osea) los niveles de ferritina es el estudio de lab mas sensible y especifico en la val de los niveles de las reservas de hierro

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11
Q

tx de la anemia ferropenica

A

sulfato ferroso

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

valores de VCM y CMHG

A
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14
Q

por descarte

A

anemia por enfermdad cronica sat hierro- normal, transferrina- normal, capacidad total de hierro- disminuida, anemia micro o normo, ferritina normal o elevada.

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15
Q

tipo de anemia en la enf cronica

A

normo normo

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16
Q

tx en la anemia por enf cronica

A

tratar la enf base o agente eritropoyeticos

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17
Q

caracteristicas de la ferropenia

A
hierro serico bajo
cap total de fijacion de hierro alto
porcentaje de sat de transferrina bajo
ferritina bajo
retis bajo
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18
Q

anemia sideroblastica

A

todo alto menos los retis estan bajos

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19
Q

para tu contestar anemia sideroblastica te tienen que de cir que hay sideroblastos en anilllos

A
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

tx de la anemia soderoblastica

A

piridoxina( vit b6), formas hereditarias y por isionazida o pirazinamida o cicloserina, en las formas primarias o refractarias dar eritropoyetina, las formas refractarias se asocian a leucemia en un 5%

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22
Q

def de factor intrinseco por que no tengo cel parietales que lo produzcan de forma autoinmune o gastrectomia esto da un der de vit b12, que nombre recibe esta anemia

A

anemia perniciosa( es megalobasltica )

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23
Q

tx de la anemia persniciosa

A
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24
Q

anemia aplasica

A

es una causa idiopatica, se ve en mayores de 60 años, o de 15- 25, sintoma principal sangrado anormal, forma familiar como la anemia de fanconi(reseciva)= aplasia o hipoplasia radial, aplasia de pulgares, y malf renales). Caracteristico que haya pancitopenia, dx def bipsia de medula resultado con HIPOCELULARIDAD, la forma adquorida por virus quimicos agentes fisicos

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25
Q

tx de anemia aplsica

A

elecccion es el transplante de MO, no hay donador? okay dañe IG antitimocito con o sin ciclosporonq, y suplementas com plaquetas paquetes globulares

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26
Q

anemia aplasica

A
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27
Q

datos clave bilirrubina indirecta elevada los esferocitos, anemia con elevacion de la hem corpuscular media..

A

esferocitosis hereditaria

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28
Q

tx def de la esferocitosis hereditari

A

esplenectomia

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

datos ego ph con hemoglobina, esquistozitos, y bilirrubina indirecta elevada orina color cafe por la hemoglubinuria

A

hemoglobuniria paroxistica nocturna

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31
Q
A
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32
Q

dx de la talasemia

A

electroforesis

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33
Q

tx inicial de las talasemias

A
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34
Q

depranocitosis o anemia de cel falciformes es autosomica reseciva, la hemoglobina es mutante, por la sustitucion de la valina por acido glutamico , te van a poner que es africana, los eritrocitos tienen forma de hoz lo que genera obstruccion y dolor y daño a organos predispone a infartos esplenicos la clinica es el dolor la dactilitis inflamacion de manos y pies

A

depranocitosis

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35
Q

contra que protege la depranocitisis

A

malaria

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36
Q

vacunar com a los pacientes con depranocitosis

A

srp, bcg y penta , influenza, polisacarido meningococo, y profilaxis con penicilina V desde lps 2 meses hasta los 5 años

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37
Q

dx confirmatorio de la depranocitosis

A

electroforesis de hemoglobina

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38
Q

depranocitosis

A
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39
Q

tx curativo de la depranocitosis

A

transplante de MO

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40
Q
A
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41
Q

anemia hemolitica autoinmune

A
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42
Q

datos: la artritis mas los esferocitos y los escalofrios ( puede haber tmb calor) em este caso es por anticuerpos calientes

A

anemia hemolitica autoinmune

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43
Q

anm hemo autoinmune

A
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44
Q

tx inicila de anm hemolitica autoinmume por ant calientes (esferocitos)

A

prednisona o danazol mas predni

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45
Q
A
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46
Q
A
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47
Q

clasf fab de las leucemias

A
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48
Q

LLA( paciente pediatrico) linfocitica o linfoblastiva

A

cel linfoides inmaduras o blastos, clinica destacar: linfadenopatia dolor oseo y artralgias

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49
Q

dx de la LLA

A
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50
Q

tx de induccion de la LLA

A

prednisona, vincristina, antraciclina y L asparaginasa

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51
Q

profi en la LLA para evitar infiltracion a snc

A

metrotexato o citaribina

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52
Q

LLC (mayores de 50 años edad media 65) es la leucemia mas comun, mas en H, mas incidencia en granjeros, te pueden poner que es granjero, o campesino expuesto al agente naranja, adenopatia de 1.5 cm osea pequeña no grandota como un linfoma, en la biopsia se ven nodulos linfoides B, es un acumulo de linfocitos B monoclonales en MO , se asocia a VHB o VHC, se observa el fe

A

con los nodulos linfoides B y el antecedente de campesina dx es LLC

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53
Q

delecion del 13q( mas comun)

A

LLC

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54
Q

cel leucemicas expresan en la LLC

A

cd19,20,23,24,21

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55
Q

en la LLC con sintomas B( fiebre, diaforesis nocturna, perdida de peso) sugiere la transformacion en un linfoma de cel grandes o sx de richter.

A
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56
Q

tx de eleccion en la LLC

A

fludarabina mas ciclosfosfamida

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57
Q

tx en la LLA

A

metrotexato ciclosfosfamida y citarabina

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58
Q

citogenetomica de la LLa

A

t 9:22 filadelphia(adultos) aqunue esta la LLA es de niños de 2-5 años.

t8: 14
t4: 11

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59
Q

clasf fab de las leucemias agudas

A
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60
Q

LMA (adultos mayores) edad mayores de 65

A

atencion con los cloromas

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61
Q

anormalidades citogeneticas de la LMA

A

t8:21 inv16 t16:16 t15:17 esto confirma el dx el estudio citogenetico

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62
Q

tx de la LMA de remision o induccion

A

citarabina con antraciclina

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63
Q

fr favorables de la LMA

A
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64
Q

tx post remision de la LMA

A

citarabina con o sin daunorrubucina

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65
Q

como se establece el dx de la LMA con aspirado de MO

A

blastos al mas del 20%, confirmas con estiduio citogenetico si estan en menos del 20%

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66
Q

en la LMA puede haber sindormes de hiperviscosidad

A

m3- coagilacion intravascular
m4- a snc
m5 - invasiom tisular

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67
Q

LMC ( sobreproduccion de cel mieloides) es mieloproliferativa, se ve el t9:22 filadelphia!!! mas del 90% de los casos, 50-55 años todos son dx en la fase cronica, la fase blastica es cuando hay mas o igual que 30% de blastos

A

como se en este caso clinico que es una LMC, por el antecedente de la RT por espondilitis anquilosante

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68
Q

tx de fase cronica de LMC

A

imatinib

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69
Q

tx de la fase acelerada y blastica de la LMC

A

transplante alogenico de cel troncales

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70
Q

trombocitopenia inmune o purpura trombocitopenica inmune, edad media de 56 años, en adultos el tratamiento inicial es si las plaquetas están por debajo de 30,000 con uso de cursos largos de corticoides si se contraindican los corticoides das inmunoglobulina principalmente corticoide con prednisona cuando fracasa la prednisona puede recurrirse a la esplenectomía , en ñiños si no hay sangrado sólo observas si no el tratamiento es inmunoglobulina intravenosa

A
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71
Q

quimioterapeutico de eleccion en la LMC

A

imatinib mejora la supervivencia a 7 años en un 86%

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72
Q

polictemia vera otra neoplasia mieloproliferativa

A
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73
Q

agente mielosupresor de eleccion en la policitemia

A

hidroxiurea

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74
Q

tx de primera linea en la policitemia vera

A

flebotomia

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75
Q

mutacion en la policitemia vera

A

v617f de jack2 se puede identificar con pcr y hacer dx

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76
Q

embarazada com LMC

A

hidroxiurea de tx

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77
Q

tx curativo de la LMC

A

transplante alogenico de cel tromcales

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78
Q
A
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79
Q
A

destaco las proyecciones citoplasmaticas y las cel de huevo frito, clinicamente las infecciones de repeticion, las cel leucemicas expresan el cd103 es el antigenco tricocitico unico

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80
Q

tx de eleccion en la tricoleucemia y dx

A

cladribina y extendido de sangre periferica

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81
Q

periodo de supervivencia en la LLC

A
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82
Q
A
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83
Q

fr de mal pronostico de la LLC

A
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84
Q
A
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85
Q

mieloma multiple caractesitico dolor de hueso, insf renal osea en el caso te vam a poner una creatinina alta como de 2.5, las lesiones en la rx de craneo en sacabocado, la TFG baja como de 20ml, hipercalcemia como de 13

A

es una neoplasia de cel plasmaticas y afecta a la MO

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86
Q

estudio dx del mieloma multiple

A

electroforesis del suero o orina identifica la proteina monoclonal M siendo la mas comun la IgG mayor a 30

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87
Q

en el mieloma multiple

A
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88
Q
A
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89
Q
A
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90
Q

en mioloma multiple si no eres candidto a transplante autologo, cual es el tx inductor de remision,

A

esquema MPT( melfalan y predni con talidomidq) o el VMP y si fuera candidata a transplante para la remision le das dexa lenalidomida y bortezomib

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91
Q

mieloma refractario a tx

A

dexa com talidomida

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92
Q

aguas, no hay lesiones liticas ni insf renal no es mieloma multiple, hay fen de raynaud, y hay proteina monoclonal IgM

A

macroglobulinemia de waldestrom!! tx plasmaferesis

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93
Q

como se cuando vam a ser linfomas tanto hod como no hod , por la adenopatia es una adenopatia coml de 3.5 cm para arriba

A

como los diferencio en no hodking es una adenopatia dura que no duele, y en hodking es dolorosa solo a la ingesta de alcohol mas sintomas b como fiebre y diaforesis nocturna, hay prurito generqlizado esto es pronostico precario, tmb hay fiebre tipo patron de pel ebstein fiebre de varias semanas y que luego se quita por una semana, en este caso es no hodking

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94
Q

LNH

A
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95
Q

en LNH

A
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96
Q

LNH

A
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97
Q

LNH

A
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98
Q

tx de eleccion en LNH

A

vamos de compras (chop) esquema

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99
Q
A

trae fibre caracteristica de patron ebstein LH!!!!

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100
Q
A
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101
Q
A
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102
Q

esquema de inicio en LH

A

a ver H dime el abecedario ABVD esquema, y si no responde le sigue el MOPP, le sigue el BEACOPP y si no le sigue el standford V

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103
Q

en LH

A
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104
Q

en LH

A
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105
Q

en LH

A
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106
Q

seguimiento en rl LH

A

es por 10-15 años

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107
Q

dato te dicen que el VWF Ag disminuido

A
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108
Q
A
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109
Q
A
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110
Q
A
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111
Q
A

tx en casos severos respondes crioprecipitados

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112
Q
A
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113
Q
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114
Q
A
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115
Q

abordaje de de hemofilia

A
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116
Q

si tiene def del factor VIII pues es A

A
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117
Q
A
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118
Q

tx de eleccion en la hem A

A

concentrado de factor 8

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119
Q

tx inicial en hemofilia en

A
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120
Q
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121
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122
Q

beta mayor o anemia cooley (forma sintomatica)

A

hay deformidad osea, hepatoespleno, anemia severa , alteraciones morfologicas de los eritrocitos, en este caso dice que hay eritroblastos, con cambios diseritropoyeticos, aumento de la HbA2

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123
Q

dx de la beta talasemia mayor

A

electroforesis de hemoglobina donde se ve los niveles elevados de Hem A2 y la F

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124
Q

fp de la beta talasemia mayor

A

cadenas alfa en exceso y dañas la membrana del eritrocito

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125
Q

manejo incial de las beta talasemias mayores

A

trasnfusion y acido folico suplementario

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126
Q

tx de eleccion en la

beta talasemia mayor

A

transplante alogenico de cel madre(unica cura)

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127
Q

en la beta talasemia mayor hay…

A

Poca o ninguna hemA, la que predomina es la hemF, y hay poca de la HemA2

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128
Q

principal hem de la vida fetal

A

La F, se constituye de alfa2 y gamma2

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129
Q

cual es la hem de la vida adulta

A

A, se constituye de dos cadenas Alfa y dos cadenas beta (alfa2beta2)

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130
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131
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132
Q

alfa talasemia mayor( anemia mas severa com hematocrito mas bajo, entre un 22 y un 32%

A

datos en el caso, microcitosis, cel diana, anisopoiquilocitosis con hipocromia marcada, con hem H en la electroforesis

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133
Q

como se forma la hem H

A

beta 4 tetrameros

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134
Q

la alfa talasemias se dan por

A

deleccion de genes

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135
Q

alfa talasemia

A
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136
Q

complicacion mas grave de las talasemias

A

sobrecarga de hierro

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137
Q

y por descarte quitas las otras anemias( alfa talasemia menor)

A

anemia leve con hematocrito de 28-40 porciento, lo caracteristico es la vcm bajoo, menos de 70, acantocitos en el frotis(cel con proyecciones com puntas espaciadas

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138
Q

como confirmas dx de la alfa talasemia menor

A

delecion del gen de lq globina alpha, oseq con test genetico

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139
Q

tx de las alfa y beta talasemias menores

A

solo vigilas

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140
Q
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141
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142
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143
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144
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145
Q
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146
Q

niveles de hepcidina aumentados

A

anemia de la inflamacion( transferrina y sat de transferrina bajo, pero la ferritina serica es normal o aumentada

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147
Q

fp de la anemia de la inflamacion

A
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148
Q

ed de oro en la anemia de la inflamacion dx

A
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149
Q

para la anemia de la inflamacion

A
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150
Q
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151
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152
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153
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154
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155
Q
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156
Q
A

anemia perniciosa, fijate como tiene alteraciones nerviosass

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157
Q

dx en la anemia perniciosa

A
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158
Q

dx mas especifico en la anemia perniciosa

A
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159
Q

tx en la anemia pernicosa

A

cianocobalamina IM

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160
Q
A
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161
Q
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162
Q
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163
Q
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164
Q
A
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165
Q

la vb12

A

participa en la sintesis DNA de cel eritroides

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166
Q

alimentos com ac folico

A

vegetales verdes y citricos

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167
Q
A
168
Q
A
169
Q
A
170
Q
A
171
Q
A
172
Q

dx de la anemia por deficit de ac folico

A

ac folico en globulos rojos

173
Q

tx para la def de ac folico

A

ac folico 1mg oral

174
Q
A
175
Q
A
176
Q
A

anemia ferropenica, sig paso en el abordaje dx ferritina hierro serico y transferrina, tx sulfato ferroso

177
Q
A
178
Q
A
179
Q

el dato es la disfagia mas los sintomas de la anemia el ardor en la lengua y las uñas quebradizas mas el esofagogrma

A
180
Q
A
181
Q

tx del sx de plummer vinson

A

hierro parenteral y oral

182
Q
A
183
Q
A
184
Q

anemia ferropenica

A
185
Q
A

anemia por esferocitosis hereditaria( sospechat por la ictericia recurrente, com esplenomegalia y hermana con el mismo problema)

186
Q
A
187
Q
A
188
Q
A
189
Q
A
190
Q
A
191
Q
A
192
Q
A
193
Q
A
194
Q

pancitopenia con purpura y petequias, equimosis

A

anemia aplasica

195
Q
A
196
Q
A
197
Q

tx de eleccion en la anemia aplasica

A

globulina anti timociticq mas ciclosporina

198
Q
A
199
Q
A

anemia hemolitica extravascular, ojo el ego dice mo hay hemoglobinuria, hay esferocitos, dhl y bili indirecta elevada, coobs +, incluye a la anemia hemolitica por antcuerpos calientes

200
Q

anemia hemolitica intravascular

A

el eritricito se destruye dentro del vaso, y hay hemoglobinuria, esquizocitos en el extendido de sangre periferica,

201
Q

dx lab de primera eleccion en la anemia extravasculat

A

coobs directo

202
Q
A
203
Q

tx de eleccion en anemia hem extravascular

A

metilprednisona iv

204
Q

anemia extravascular

A
205
Q

anemia hemoliticas autoinmunes caliente

A
206
Q

anemia hemolitica autoinmune friq

A
207
Q
A

anemia hem por ant friooos

208
Q

es por ant frios

A
209
Q

manejo de primera eleccion en la anm hem por ant frios

A

evitar el frio, no hay tx especifico de eleccion

210
Q
A

rituximab

211
Q
A

si hay orina con hemogloina ya sabes que ew intravascular, dx anemia hem intravascular

212
Q

an hem intravascular

A
213
Q
A
214
Q
A
215
Q
A
216
Q
A
217
Q
A

ac folico

218
Q
A
219
Q
A
220
Q
A
221
Q
A

leucemia de cel peludas destaco el aspecto caracteristico con numerosas proyecciones citoplasmaticas y un bazo muy agrandado, gran esplenomegalia

222
Q

confimas el dx de leucemia de cel peludas con..

A

biopsia de medula, las cel coexpresan cd11c, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD103, CD123

223
Q

leucemia de cel peludas

A
224
Q

tx de eleccion en leucemia de cel peludas

A
225
Q
A

trombocitemia primaria

226
Q
A

en la trombocitemia

227
Q
A
228
Q

tx de la trombocitemia depemde de la edad

A
229
Q
A
230
Q
A
231
Q

es trombocitemia esta mal la pregunta

A

busulfan

232
Q
A
233
Q
A
234
Q
A
235
Q
A

es una anemia por deficiencia de G6PD, destaco el frotis de sangre com las cel mordidas o blister y los cuerpos de heinz con violeta de cresilo manchas el frotis para verlos, dx mas util ensayo enzimatico especifico, herenfia ligada al X, tx medidas de soporte mas evitar medicamentos oxidativos

236
Q

7 farmacos a evitar en la anemia por def de G6PD

A
237
Q
A
238
Q

clasf de las anemias por def de la G6PD

A
239
Q
A
240
Q
A
241
Q
A
242
Q
A
243
Q
A
244
Q

dx de LMC

A
245
Q

tx de eleccion en LMC

A

imatinib

246
Q

biopsia de MO en LMC

A

es util para el pronostico de la enf nada mas

247
Q

el imatinib da una expectativa de vida del….

A

100% en 9 años

248
Q
A
249
Q

efecto del ponatinib

A

trombosis vascular

250
Q

si no hay respuesta al ponatinib

A

transplante alogenico de cel madre

251
Q
A
252
Q
A
253
Q

MA del imatinib

A

inhibidor de la tirosin kinasa

254
Q

oncogen en la LMC

A

bcr/abl

255
Q

principal signo clinico en un paciente con LMC

A

esplenomegalia

256
Q
A

miolofibrosis primaria destaco la triada de poiquilocitosis, sangre leucoeritoblastica, plaquetas gigantes

257
Q
A
258
Q
A
259
Q

tx de primera eleccion en la milofibrosis

A

hidroxiurea

260
Q

tx curativo en la mielofibrsis

A

transplante alogenico de cel madre

261
Q
A

ruxolitinib

262
Q
A
263
Q
A
264
Q
A
265
Q
A
266
Q

adulto mayor y por la pura linfocitosis

A

LLC

267
Q

etapas de la

LLC con la clasf de rai

A
268
Q

para el dx de la LLC

A
269
Q

la LLC se asocia a

A
270
Q
A
271
Q

inmunofemotipo caracteristico solo de la LLC

A

CD19 en linfocitos B

272
Q

peor y mejor pronostico en La LLC

A

peor 17q

mejor delecion 13q

273
Q
A
274
Q
A
275
Q
A
276
Q
A
277
Q
A
278
Q

sx mielodisplasico

A
279
Q
A
280
Q
A
281
Q
A
282
Q
A
283
Q
A
284
Q
A
285
Q
A
286
Q
A
287
Q
A
288
Q
A

sello distintivo la pancitopenia y los blastos, LMA

289
Q
A
290
Q
A
291
Q
A
292
Q
A
293
Q

leucemia promielocitica aguda

A
294
Q
A
295
Q
A
296
Q
A
297
Q
A

tiroxido de arsenico

298
Q
A

LLA nuevamente es aguda por la pancitopenia!! nunca te van a poner una LLA Y una LMA como repsyesta junta

299
Q
A
300
Q
A
301
Q
A
302
Q
A
303
Q
A
304
Q
A
305
Q
A
306
Q
A
307
Q
A
308
Q
A

LLA linaje T

309
Q
A
310
Q
A
311
Q
A
312
Q

LPA (promielocitica)

A
313
Q
A
314
Q
A
315
Q
A
316
Q

si falla la flebotomia das hidroxiurea

A
317
Q
A
318
Q
A
319
Q
A
320
Q
A
321
Q
A
322
Q
A
323
Q
A

LH

324
Q

LH

A
325
Q
A
326
Q
A
327
Q
A
328
Q
A
329
Q

sistema ann arbor de linfomas

A
330
Q

LH tx

A
331
Q

LH

A
332
Q
A
333
Q
A
334
Q
A
335
Q
A

esclerosis nodular

336
Q

factor de mal pronostico en LH

A
337
Q
A

1A

338
Q
A

AHAI por enf de las aglutininas frias

339
Q
A
340
Q
A

descartr infeccion por mycoplasma

341
Q
A
342
Q
A
343
Q
A

pet/ct scan

344
Q
A
345
Q
A

LNH

346
Q
A
347
Q
A
348
Q
A
349
Q
A
350
Q
A

riesgo bajo intermedio

351
Q
A
352
Q
A
353
Q

IPI

A

alto intermedio

354
Q
A

R chop 6-8 ciclos

355
Q
A
356
Q

el paciente ya tiene tac

A
357
Q
A
358
Q
A
359
Q
A
360
Q
A
361
Q
A
362
Q
A
363
Q
A
364
Q
A
365
Q
A
366
Q
A
367
Q
A
368
Q
A
369
Q
A
370
Q
A
371
Q
A
372
Q
A
373
Q
A
374
Q
A
375
Q

dx de PTT

A

clinico

376
Q

tx de PTT

A

plasmaferesis

377
Q
A
378
Q
A
379
Q

hemoglobinuria paroxistica norcturna

A
380
Q
A
381
Q
A
382
Q
A
383
Q
A
384
Q
A
385
Q

ant de diarrea mas alt renales = shu

A
386
Q
A
387
Q
A
388
Q
A
389
Q
A
390
Q
A
391
Q
A
392
Q
A
393
Q
A
394
Q
A
395
Q
A
396
Q
A
397
Q
A
398
Q
A
399
Q
A
400
Q
A
401
Q
A
402
Q
A
403
Q
A
404
Q
A
405
Q
A
406
Q
A
407
Q
A
408
Q
A
409
Q

pti adultos

A
410
Q

pti niños

A
411
Q
A

plaquetas de 46000 solo vigilas

412
Q
A
413
Q
A
414
Q

tx de primera eleccion en la purpura de henoch

A

corticoides prednisona a dosis altas (tx darlo solo si hay sintomas abdominales o articulares intensos)

415
Q

vasculitis leicocitoclastica sistemica de vasos pequeños con depositos de IgA subclase 1 que que se asocia a streptococcus del grupo A

A

purpura de henoch scholein

416
Q
A