HEENT reverse Flashcards
DM retinopathy (MCC)
<70 yo blindness
Macular degeneration
> 70 yo blindness
Optic nerve lesion. Tertiary syphilis (marcus-gunn)
Afferent papillary defect, marcus-gunn pupils
Anticholinergics, TCA, anti-parkinsonian drugs, profound hypoxemia
Bilateral DILATED pupils
Optic chiasm lesion
Bilateral hemianopia
Orbital blow-out fracture; immediate ophthalmology referral
Eye trauma, diplopia. Enophthamos, hyphema
Inferior rectus muscle
Orbital fx muscle entrapment
Chalazion
Painless, nontender nodule on upper or lower eyelid
Hordeolum
Painful swelling of upper and lower eyelid
Pinguecula (more common on nasal side)
Painless, yellow triangular nodule on conjunctiva
Retinal detachment
Curtain or veil over my eyes, new onset floaters
Amaurosis fugax - TIA, emboli
Transient monocular vision loss
CRAO (pale retina, cherry red macula)
Painless vision loss. History of TIA, palpitations, arrhythmia, carotid disease, embolic source
Optic neuritis (assoc. w/ MS)
Vision loss over hours to days, painful EOM
MS
Recurrent episodes of vision change, diplopia that resolves
Viral conjunctivitis
Red eye, watery discharge, preauricular LAD
Allergic conjunctivitis
Red eye, hyperemia, chemosis, nodular conjunctiva
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Acute painful red eye, halos (or colored rings around lights), hazy, steamy, cornea. Pupil is fixed and (mid) dilated. Onset after being in dark room
Nasal foreign body
Unilateral foul smelling or purulent discharge in a pediatric patient
Allergic rhinitis
Sneezing, clear rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip, nasal congestion seasonal occurrence
Allergic rhinitis
Pale edematous, boggy turbinates
Strep. pneumonia, H. Influenza, strep, pyogenes, moraxella catarrhalis
Otitis media
Otitis externa
Swimmer with ear pain, discharge
Salicylate ingestion
Tinnitus and metabolic acidosis
Meniere’s disease; treat with diuretics and low-sodium diet
Sudden dizzy, vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus
BPPV
Dix-hallpike maneuver
BPPV
Sudden vertigo with changes in head position
Vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis
Sudden dizzy, N/V. NO tinnitus, hearing loss. Recent URI
Presbycusis (high frequency sounds first to go)
Sensorineural loss >50 yo
Leukoplakia, rule out oral cancer
Smoker, white mouth lesion cannot be rubbed off
EBV - mononucleosis
College student with sore throat. Enlarged tonsils, posterior cervical LAB. Splenomegaly. CBC - elevated atypical lymphocytes
Amblyopia
Visual loss occurring secondary to vision in only one eye as a result of muscular misalignment
Strabismus
Cover/uncover eye test used to dx
Strep pneumo
Organism most commonly causes mastoiditis
Conductive hearing loss. Weber lateralizes to the affected side.
Rinne AC</= BC on affected side
Cerumen impaction in left causes what PE finding with weber test?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Weber lateralizes away from SN loss
Rinne AC>BC on affected side
Type of hearing loss associated with exposure to loud noise
Tinnitus
Progressive SN hearing loss
Vertigo
Triad of Meniere’s disease
Peritonsillar abscess
“hot potato” sounding voice, severe sore throat, unilateral tonsillar edema
Candida albicans most commonly
thrush
Viral
Conjunctivitis with watery d/c
Bacterial
Conjunctivitis with mucopurulent d/c
Allergic
Bilateral conjunctivitis with stringy d/c
MS
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Retinoblastoma
Absence of red reflex
Cotton wool spots
small, infarcted areas of retina in DM
Neovascularization
New, weak vessels on retina - DM
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Red eye appearing after straining/valsalva, anticoagulation, HTN
Temporal arteritis
Temporal artery bx
Tx steroids
HA, jaw claudication, temporal or scalp pain, unilateral
