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Word Association Exam > Cardio reversed > Flashcards

Cardio reversed Flashcards

1
Q

DOE, PND, edema. Echo w/ LVH or RVH hypokinesis

A

CHF

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2
Q

S3

A

CHF, dilated cardiomyopathy, pregnancy

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3
Q

Young athlete with syncope during athletic event or practice. No physical exam abnormalities

A

Hypertrophic CM or fatal arrhythmia. Get EKG or Echo

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4
Q

Alcoholic with palpitations, arrhythmias

A

Atrial fibrillation (holiday heart)

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5
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

Atrial fibrillation; (if >48 or chronic - anticoagulate)

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6
Q

Atrial fibrillation or prosthetic valve

A

Warfarin (2-3 for Afib; 2.5-3.5 for valve); Tx warfarin is Vit K

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7
Q

Hx angina but no acute symptoms. EKG no acute changes

A

Do exercise stress test

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8
Q

Crushing CP, dyspnea, palpitations, radiation to neck or left arm

A

Angina (if lasts minutes), AMI if lasts > 30 minutes. Acute Ischemia - ST elevation; injury - T wave depression; Infarct - Q wave

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9
Q

Constant, sharp CP worse lying down, better sitting up and leaning forward

A

Pericarditis

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10
Q

JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds

A

Pericardial effusion/tamponade (Beck’s triad)

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11
Q

Sudden onset ripping, tearing chest pain, diminished pulses

A

Aortic dissection

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12
Q

Flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass

A

AAA

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13
Q

EKG changes, N/V yellow-green visual disturbances

A

Digoxin toxicity (hypokalemia will make worse)

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14
Q

HTN tx w/ meds, cough or angioedema

A

ACEI is cause

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15
Q

DM and HTN

A

ACEI is best choice

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16
Q

Post MI

A

Beta blockers

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17
Q

HTN not responsive to basic meds

A

Think secondary HTN most likely Renal artery stenosis

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18
Q

Mechanical valve or prosthesis and dental, GU, GI, or ortho procedure prophylaxis

A

Bacterial endocarditis (strep. viridians) prevention

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19
Q

IVDA w/ new murmur

A

Bacterial endocarditis (staph aureus, strep. viridians)

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20
Q

Elderly w/ systolic murmur

A

Aortic stenosis (due to calcifications - age related (or bicuspid valve - congenital)

21
Q

Diamond shaped, blowing systolic murmur. May have angina, syncope, CHF

A

Aortic stenosis

22
Q

Lateral displaced PMI, canon “a” waves, Quincke’s pulse, Corrigan’s pulse, Austin flint murmur, deMusset’s sign, water

A

Aortic Regurgitation/insufficiency:
Quincke’s pulse (subungual capillar pulsation), Corrigan (rapid rise and fall), Austin flint (low pitch middiastolic murmur at apex)

23
Q

Diastolic murmur best heart apex without radiation

A

mitral stenosis (ARMS are BAD)

24
Q

Female or Post MI, systolic murmur best @ apex preceded by click without radiation

A

Mitral valve prolapse

25
Q

Systolic murmur heard best at apex with radiation to left axilla (apical systolic)

A

Mitral regurgitation

26
Q

New murmur after MI (esp. if apical systolic)

A

Mitral regurgitation (caused by papillary muscle rupture)

27
Q

Continuous harsh, machine-like murmur

28
Q

Infant w/ dyspnea, difficulty feeding. Holosystolic murmur @ LSB, 3rd ICS. LVH and RVH

29
Q

Pulseless electrical activity

A

Hs and Ts

Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hydrogen ion (acidosis)
Hyper-hypokalemia
Hypoglycemia

Tamponade cardiac
Tension pneumo
Thrombosis - PE or cardio
Toxins
Trauma

30
Q

Peds w/ leg pain after physical activity, abnormal heart sounds, unequal UE and LE pulses

A

Coarctation of aorta

31
Q

LE rubor, no hair, brittle nails, pallor on elevation, calf or LE pain esp. with walking short distances relieved with rest or at PM
Claudication with rest pain, (ABI < 0.4)

A

Arterial insufficiency/PAD, intermittent claudication (ABI best choice, arteriogram gold standard)

Tx is arterial bypass

32
Q

LE pain after long periods of standing, dilated, tortuous veins

A

Varicose veins. Tx with compression stockings

33
Q

Murmur that causes weak carotid pulse

34
Q

Illegal substance that causes MI secondary to acute coronary artery vasospasm

35
Q

Side effect of statin drugs

A

Liver toxicity

36
Q

Janeway lesions

A

Infective endocarditis
scaly plaques on palms and soles

37
Q

Osler nodes

A

Infective endocarditis
tender nodules on tips of fingers and toes

38
Q

Pre-load

A

Volume of flood in ventricles at the end of diastole

39
Q

Ejections fraction

A

Amount of blood being pumped out of the L ventricle during contraction

40
Q

Tearing, ripping pain between scapula

A

Aortic dissection

41
Q

CXR with aortic dissection

A

Widened mediastinum

42
Q

BP higher in arms than the legs

A

Coarctation of the aorta

43
Q

EKG - rate assessment

A

300-150-100-75-60-50

44
Q

PR interval greater than 0.2 sec consistently in every cycle

A

first degree AV block

45
Q

PR interval gradually lengthens is successive cycles, last P waves fails to conduct ventricles

A

Wenchebach
Second degree AV block

46
Q

AV block in which there is a total block of conduction to the ventricles so no atrial depolarizations are conducted to ventricles

A

Complete third degree block

47
Q

Types of second degree AV blocks

A

Mobitz and Wenchebach

48
Q

Asystole

A

Confirm in a second lead

Word Association Exam (29 decks)

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