HEENT Flashcards
<70 yo blindness
DM retinopathy (MCC)
> 70 yo blindness
Macular degeneration
Afferent papillary defect, marcus-gunn pupils
Optic nerve lesion. Tertiary syphilis (marcus-gunn)
Bilateral DILATED pupils
Anticholinergics, TCA, anti-parkinsonian drugs, profound hypoxemia
Bilateral hemianopia
optic chiasm lesion
Eye trauma, diplopia. Enophthalmos, hyphema
Orbital blow-out fracture; immediate ophthalmology referral
Orbital fx muscle entrapment
inferior rectus muscle
Painless, nontender nodule on upper or lower eyelid
chalazion
Painful swelling of upper or lower eyelid
hordeolum
Painless, yellow triangular nodule on conjunctiva
Pinguecula (more common on nasal side)
Curtain or veil over my eyes, new onset floaters
retinal detachment
Transient monocular vision loss
Amaurosis fugax - TIA, emboli
Painless vision loss. History of TIA, palpitations, arrhythmia, carotid disease, embolic source
CRAO (pale retina, cherry red macula)
Vision loss over hours to days, painful EOM
Optic neuritis (assoc. with MS)
Recurrent episodes of vision change, diplopia that resolve
MS
Red eye, watery discharge, preauricular LAD
viral conjunctivitis
Red eye, hyperemia, chemosis, nodular conjunctiva
Allergic conjunctivitis
Acute painful red eye, halos (or colored rings around lights), hazy, steamy cornea. Pupil fixed and (mid) dilated. Onset after being in dark room
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Unilateral foul smelling or purulent nasal discharge in a pediatric patient
Nasal foreign body
Sneezing, clear rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip, nasal congestion seasonal occurrence
Allergic rhinitis
Pale, edematous, boggy turbinates
Allergic rhinitis
Otitis media
Strep. pneumonia, H. influenza, Strep. pyogenes, moraxella catarrhalis
Swimmer with ear pain, discharge
Otitis externa
Tinnitus and metabolic acidosis
Salicylate ingestion
Sudden dizzy, vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus
Meniere’s disease; treat with diuretics and low-sodium diet
Dix-hallpike maneuver
BPPV
Sudden vertigo with changes in head position
BPPV
Sudden dizzy, N/V, NO tinnitus, hearing loss. recent URI
vestibular neuronitis, labyrinthitis
Sensorineural loss >50
Presbycusis (High frequency sounds first to go)
Smoker, white mouth lesion cannot be rubbed off
Leukoplakia, rule out oral cancer
College student with sore throat. Enlarged tonsils, posterior cervical LAD. Splenomegaly. CBC - elevated atypical lymphocytes
EBV - mononucleosis
Visual loss occurring secondary to vision in only one eye as a result of muscular misalignment
amblyopia
Cover/uncover eye test used to dx
strabismus
Organism most commonly causing mastoiditis
Strep pneumo
Cerumen impaction in left ear causes what PE finding with Weber test?
conductive hearing loss. Weber lateralizes to the affected side. Rinne AC</= BC on affected side
Type of hearing loss associated with exposure to loud noise
Sensorineural hearing loss
Weber lateralizes away from SN loss
Rinne AC>BC on affected side
Triad of Meniere’s disease
Tinnitus
Progressive SN hearing loss
Vertigo
“hot potato” sounding voice, severe sore throat, unilateral tonsillar edema
Peritonsillar abscess
Thrush
Candida albicans most commonly
Conjunctivitis with water d/c
viral
Conjunctivitis with mucopurulent d/c
bacterial
Bilateral conjunctivitis with stringy d/c
allergic
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
MS
Absence red reflex
retinoblastoma
Small, infarcted areas of retina in DM
cotton wool spots
New, weak vessels on retina - DM
Neovascularization
Red eye appearing after straining/valsalva, anticoagulation, HTN
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Headache, jaw claudication, temporal or scalp pain, unilateral
Temporal arteritis
Temporal artery bx
Tx steroids
