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Word Association Exam > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

CHF

A

DOE
PND
edema
Echo w/ LVH or RVH
hypokinesis

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2
Q

CHF
dilated cardiomyopathy
pregnancy

A

S3

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3
Q

Hypertrophic CM or fatal arrhythmia, get EKG or echo

A

young athlete with syncope during athletic event or practice. No physical exam abnormalities

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4
Q

Atrial fibrillation (holiday heart)

A

alcoholic with palpitations, arrhythmia

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5
Q

Atrial fibrillation; (if >48 or chronic - anticoagulate)

A

irregularly irregular

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6
Q

Do exercise stress test

A

Hx angina but no acute sx. EKG no acute changes

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7
Q

Angina (if lasts minutes), AMI if lasts > 30 minutes. Acute ischemia - ST elevation; Injury - T wave depression; Infarct - Q wave

A

Crushing CP, dyspnea, palpitations, radiation to neck or left arm

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8
Q

Warfarin (2-3 for Afib; 2.5 - 3.5 for valve); Tx Warfarin OD is vitamin K

A

Atrial fibrillation or prosthetic valve

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9
Q

Pericarditis

A

Constant, sharp CP worse lying down, better sitting up and leaning forward

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10
Q

Pericardial effusion/tamponade (Beck’s triad)

A

JVD, Hypotension, muffled heart sounds

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11
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Sudden onset ripping, tearing chest pain, diminished pulses

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12
Q

AAA

A

Flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass

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13
Q

Digoxin toxicity (hypokalemia will make worse)

A

EKG changes, N/V, yellow-green visual disturbances

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14
Q

ACEI is cause

A

HTN tx w/ meds, cough, or angioedema

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15
Q

ACEI is best choice

A

DM and HTN

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16
Q

Think secondary HTN most likely Renal artery stenosis (infrarenal artery)

A

HTN not responsive to basic meds

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17
Q

Bacterial endocarditis (strep viridians) prevention

A

Mechanical valve or prosthesis and dental, GU, GI, or ortho procedure prophylaxis

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18
Q

Bacterial endocarditis (staph aureus, strep viridians)

A

IVDA w/ new murmur

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19
Q

Aortic stenosis (due to calcifications - age related) or bicuspid valve - congenital

A

Elderly w/ systolic murmur

20
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Diamond shaped, blowing systolic murmur. May have angina, syncope, CHF

21
Q

Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency:
Quincke’s pulse (subungual capillar pulsation), Corrigan (rapid rise and fall), Austin flint (low pitch middiastolic murmur at apex)

A

Lateral displaced PMI, canon “a” waves, Quincke’s pulse, Corrigan’s pulse, Austin flint murmur, deMusset’s sign, water

22
Q

Mitral stenosis (ARMS are BAD)

A

Diastolic murmur best heart at apex without radiation

23
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Female or post MI systolic murmur best at apex preceded by click without radiation

24
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Systolic murmur heard best at apex with radiation to left axilla (apical systolic)

25
Q

Mitral regurgitation (caused by papillary muscle rupture)

A

New murmur after MI (esp. if apical systolic)

26
Q

PDA

A

Continuous harsh, machine-like murmur

27
Q

VSD

A

Infant with dyspnea, difficulty feeding, holosystolic murmur @ LSB 3rd ICS. LVH and RVH

28
Q

Hs and Ts
hypovolemia
hypoxia
Hypothermia
hydrogen ion (acidosis)
hyper-hypokalemia
hypoglycemia

tamponade cardiac
tension pneumo
thrombosis - PE or cardio
Toxins
Trauma

A

Pulseless electrical activity

29
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Peds w/ leg pain after physical activity, abnormal heart sounds, unequal UE and LE pulses

30
Q

Arterial insufficiency/PAD, intermittent claudication (ABI best choice, arteriogram gold standard)

Tx is arterial bypass

A

LE rubor, no hair, brittle nails, palloe on elevation, calf or LE pain esp. with walking short distances relieved with rest or at PM

Claudication with rest pain, (ABI < 0.4)

31
Q

Varicose veins. Tx w/ compression stockings

A

LE pain after long periods of standing. Dilated, tortuous, veins

32
Q

AS

A

Murmur that causes weak carotid pulse

33
Q

Liver toxicity

A

Side effect of statin drugs

34
Q

Cocaine

A

Illegal substance that causes MI secondary to acute coronary vasospasm

35
Q

Infective endocarditis
Scaly plaques on palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions

36
Q

Infective endocarditis
Tender nodules on tips of fingers and toes

A

Osler nodes

37
Q

Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole

38
Q

Amount of blood being pumped out of the L ventricle during contraction

A

Ejection fraction

39
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Tearing, ripping pain between scapula

40
Q

Widened mediastinum

A

CXR with aortic dissection

41
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

BP higher in arms than the legs

42
Q

300-150-100-75-60-50

A

EKG - rate assessment

43
Q

First degree AV block

A

PR interval greater than 0.2 sec consistently in every cycle

44
Q

Wenchebach
Second degree AV block

A

PR interval gradually lengthens in successive cycles , last P wave fails to conduct ventricles

45
Q

Complete third degree AV block

A

AV block in which there is a total block of conduction to the ventricles so no atrial depolarizations are conducted to ventricles

46
Q

Mobitz and Wenchebach

A

Types of second degree AV blocks

47
Q

Confirm in a second lead

Word Association Exam (29 decks)

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