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Pathology 1 > heart path 2 > Flashcards

heart path 2 Flashcards

1
Q

aschoff bodies or anitschkow cells assciated with?

A

rheumatic fever

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2
Q

most common cause of isolated aortic stenosis in USA?

A

calcific aortic stenosis

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3
Q

acute or subacute infective endocarditis associated with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities?

A

subacute

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4
Q

angina pectoris

A

intermittent chest pain caused by transient, reversible myocardial ischemia

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5
Q

acute or subacute infective endocarditis associated with high virulance or low varulence organisms?

A

acute = high (staph aureus)

subacute = low

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6
Q

What is single most common cause of death in industrialized nations?

A

myocardial infarction (devel of area of myocardial necrosis caused by ischemia)

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7
Q

Janeway lesion associated with?

A

acute infective endocarditis

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8
Q

group A stretococcal pharyngitis has a hypersensitivity reaction causeing?

A

rheumatic fever

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9
Q

marfan syndrome is associated with ______ prolapse?

A 
mitral valve (bicuspid valve on L heart)
**aortic dissection or floppy mitral valve
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10
Q

critical stenosis is?

A

> 75% luminal reduction of on eor more coronary arteries

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11
Q

left vs right congestive heart failure?

A
  • Left side= systemic hypertension but pulmonary edema
  • –primary
  • right side= pulmonary hypertension but tissue edema and vein thrombosis
  • –Secondary
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12
Q

How much of chronic rheumatic fever affect mitral or aortic valve?

A

Mitral valve = 95%

Mitral valve AND aortic = 25%

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13
Q

acute or subacute infective endocarditis associated with the mitral valve or tricuspid/pulmonic valves?

A

acute= tricuspid/pulmonic valves

subacute= mitral valve

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14
Q

L to R shunt ot R to L shunt associated with cyanosis initially?

A

L to R shunt = no cyanosis INITIALLY (can devel when reversed aka tardive cyanosis)

R to L shunt = cyanosis right away

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15
Q

what has antibodies developed against “M” proteins?

A

rheumatic fever

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16
Q

digital splinter hemorrhages associated with?

A

subacute infective endocarditis

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17
Q

elevated cTn1 for 4-7 indicates what?

A

cardiac infarction
*cTn1= cardiac troponin 1; ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis

*creatine kinase MB fraction “CK-MB does NOT stay elvelated

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18
Q

cor pulmonale associated with?

A

sudden cardiac death; it’s due to massive pulmonary thromboembolism
**RIGHT ventrical HYPER trophy, lung sccarring

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19
Q

what is the most common cause of suden cardiac death?

A

ischemic heart disease (aka coronary artery atherosclerosis)

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20
Q

what infection is typical after a tongue piercing?

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis

21
Q

Lupus erythematosis endocarditis involves what valave? associated with what disease? and is noninfective or infective endocarditis?

A

1) mitril valve
2) Libman-Sacks disease
3) Noninfective endocarditis

22
Q

coronary artery disease is has high or low levels of LDL and HDL?

A
  • LDL = high

* HDL = low

23
Q

myocardial infarction STEMI vs non-STEMI?

A

STEMI= elevated ST segment

non-STEMI= inverted T wave and elevated cardiac enzymes

24
Q

If cardiac enzymes are elevated, is it STEMI or non-STEMI?

A

STEMI

25
Q

angina pectoris typical vs variant

A
  • typical= pain relieved by rest and nitroglycerin; FIXed atherosclerotic narrowing of artery
  • varient= pain occuring at rest; coronary artery spasm
26
Q

atrial or ventricular septal defect most common congenital cardiac malformation in adults?

A

atrial septal defect

VSD is in CHILDREN

27
Q

Mycardial infarction based on location: LAD, RCA and LC?

A
  • LAD -40-50%; anteroapical left ventricle; ant 2/3 of IVS
  • RCA -30-40%; post free wall of LV; post 1.3 of IVS
  • LC - 15-20%; lateral wall LV
28
Q

tardive cyanosis associated with?

A

L to R shunts

29
Q

myocardial infarction STEMI vs non-STEMI?

A

STEMI= elevated ST segment and cardiac enzymes

non-STEMI= inverted T wave

30
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A
  • pulmonary artery stenosis
  • ventriculoseptal defect
  • overriding aorta
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
31
Q

what is most common cause of tetralogy of fallot?

A

R to L shunt; correlated to severity of subpulmonic stenosis

32
Q

abnormal truncal septation, aorta arises from the _____ and the pulmonary artery arises from the _____?

A
  • arota from right V

- pulmonary from left V

33
Q

Having high blood pressure in arms/legs, and weak pulse in lower extremities is a characteristic of?

A

coarctation of aorta

34
Q

what is one of the most common causes of sudden unexpected deaths in young athletes?

A

hypertrophic cardiopathy

35
Q

ineffective contraction-ejection fraction of < 25% is a fundamental sign of?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

36
Q

fibrinous pericarditis may devel loud?

A

friction rub; diagnostic tool

37
Q

pericardial effusions: serous, serosanguineous and chylous?

A

1) serous: congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia
2) serosanguineous: blunt chest trauma, malignancy
3) chylous (milky): mediastinal lymphatic obstruction

38
Q

cardiac tamponade associated with?

A

pericardial effusions and hemopericardium

39
Q

saw toothed P waves are associated with?

A

atrial fibrilation

40
Q

common risk of Afib? common treatment?

A

high risk of stroke

*treat with Warfarin (vit K antagonist) or Factor X aka thrombin antagonist

41
Q

What is the pacemaker for the heart

A

Sinoatrial node (SA Node)

42
Q

Libman-Sacks disease associated with?

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

43
Q

Primary pulmonary hypertension resulting from obstruction (like emphsema or bronchitus; caused by smoking) commonly causes?

A

right sided heart failure

44
Q

Poeple with Familial hypercholesterolemia are at greater risk for?

A

myocardial infarction, have advancedatherosclerosis

45
Q

down syndrome is associated with what heart disease?

A

endocardial cushion defect

46
Q

In the period immediately after coronary thrombosis,

________are the most important complication and can lead to sudden cardiac death

A

arrhythmias (fibrillation)

47
Q

diabetes m associated with?

A

ischemic heart disease

48
Q

valvular vegetations suggest?

A

endocarditis

49
Q

what is linked with clinical depression and anxiety?

A

floppy prolasped mitral valve

Pathology 1 (21 decks)

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