heart path 2 Flashcards
aschoff bodies or anitschkow cells assciated with?
rheumatic fever
most common cause of isolated aortic stenosis in USA?
calcific aortic stenosis
acute or subacute infective endocarditis associated with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities?
subacute
angina pectoris
intermittent chest pain caused by transient, reversible myocardial ischemia
acute or subacute infective endocarditis associated with high virulance or low varulence organisms?
acute = high (staph aureus)
subacute = low
What is single most common cause of death in industrialized nations?
myocardial infarction (devel of area of myocardial necrosis caused by ischemia)
Janeway lesion associated with?
acute infective endocarditis
group A stretococcal pharyngitis has a hypersensitivity reaction causeing?
rheumatic fever
marfan syndrome is associated with ______ prolapse?
mitral valve (bicuspid valve on L heart) **aortic dissection or floppy mitral valve
critical stenosis is?
> 75% luminal reduction of on eor more coronary arteries
left vs right congestive heart failure?
- Left side= systemic hypertension but pulmonary edema
- –primary
- right side= pulmonary hypertension but tissue edema and vein thrombosis
- –Secondary
How much of chronic rheumatic fever affect mitral or aortic valve?
Mitral valve = 95%
Mitral valve AND aortic = 25%
acute or subacute infective endocarditis associated with the mitral valve or tricuspid/pulmonic valves?
acute= tricuspid/pulmonic valves
subacute= mitral valve
L to R shunt ot R to L shunt associated with cyanosis initially?
L to R shunt = no cyanosis INITIALLY (can devel when reversed aka tardive cyanosis)
R to L shunt = cyanosis right away
what has antibodies developed against “M” proteins?
rheumatic fever
digital splinter hemorrhages associated with?
subacute infective endocarditis
elevated cTn1 for 4-7 indicates what?
cardiac infarction
*cTn1= cardiac troponin 1; ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis
*creatine kinase MB fraction “CK-MB does NOT stay elvelated
cor pulmonale associated with?
sudden cardiac death; it’s due to massive pulmonary thromboembolism
**RIGHT ventrical HYPER trophy, lung sccarring
what is the most common cause of suden cardiac death?
ischemic heart disease (aka coronary artery atherosclerosis)
what infection is typical after a tongue piercing?
Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis
Lupus erythematosis endocarditis involves what valave? associated with what disease? and is noninfective or infective endocarditis?
1) mitril valve
2) Libman-Sacks disease
3) Noninfective endocarditis
coronary artery disease is has high or low levels of LDL and HDL?
- LDL = high
* HDL = low
myocardial infarction STEMI vs non-STEMI?
STEMI= elevated ST segment
non-STEMI= inverted T wave and elevated cardiac enzymes
If cardiac enzymes are elevated, is it STEMI or non-STEMI?
STEMI
angina pectoris typical vs variant
- typical= pain relieved by rest and nitroglycerin; FIXed atherosclerotic narrowing of artery
- varient= pain occuring at rest; coronary artery spasm
atrial or ventricular septal defect most common congenital cardiac malformation in adults?
atrial septal defect
VSD is in CHILDREN
Mycardial infarction based on location: LAD, RCA and LC?
- LAD -40-50%; anteroapical left ventricle; ant 2/3 of IVS
- RCA -30-40%; post free wall of LV; post 1.3 of IVS
- LC - 15-20%; lateral wall LV
tardive cyanosis associated with?
L to R shunts
myocardial infarction STEMI vs non-STEMI?
STEMI= elevated ST segment and cardiac enzymes
non-STEMI= inverted T wave
tetralogy of fallot
- pulmonary artery stenosis
- ventriculoseptal defect
- overriding aorta
- right ventricular hypertrophy
what is most common cause of tetralogy of fallot?
R to L shunt; correlated to severity of subpulmonic stenosis
abnormal truncal septation, aorta arises from the _____ and the pulmonary artery arises from the _____?
- arota from right V
- pulmonary from left V
Having high blood pressure in arms/legs, and weak pulse in lower extremities is a characteristic of?
coarctation of aorta
what is one of the most common causes of sudden unexpected deaths in young athletes?
hypertrophic cardiopathy
ineffective contraction-ejection fraction of < 25% is a fundamental sign of?
dilated cardiomyopathy
fibrinous pericarditis may devel loud?
friction rub; diagnostic tool
pericardial effusions: serous, serosanguineous and chylous?
1) serous: congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia
2) serosanguineous: blunt chest trauma, malignancy
3) chylous (milky): mediastinal lymphatic obstruction
cardiac tamponade associated with?
pericardial effusions and hemopericardium
saw toothed P waves are associated with?
atrial fibrilation
common risk of Afib? common treatment?
high risk of stroke
*treat with Warfarin (vit K antagonist) or Factor X aka thrombin antagonist
What is the pacemaker for the heart
Sinoatrial node (SA Node)
Libman-Sacks disease associated with?
systemic lupus erythematosus
Primary pulmonary hypertension resulting from obstruction (like emphsema or bronchitus; caused by smoking) commonly causes?
right sided heart failure
Poeple with Familial hypercholesterolemia are at greater risk for?
myocardial infarction, have advancedatherosclerosis
down syndrome is associated with what heart disease?
endocardial cushion defect
In the period immediately after coronary thrombosis,
________are the most important complication and can lead to sudden cardiac death
arrhythmias (fibrillation)
diabetes m associated with?
ischemic heart disease
valvular vegetations suggest?
endocarditis
what is linked with clinical depression and anxiety?
floppy prolasped mitral valve
