Enviro - burns, heat, radiation, and electric Flashcards
what are ‘full thickness burns’?
3rd and 4th degree
- total destruction of epidermis and dermis
- no epithelial regeneration
what are ‘partial thickness’ burns?
2nd degree
-invovle the epidermis and superficial dermis
what burns only involve the epidermis?
1st degree
- adjacent tissue develops inflammatory changes and exudate
- -food= burn palate
- -liquid= burn tongue
1st degree =
2nd degree =
3rd degree =
4th degree =
1st degree = epidermal burn
2nd degree = superficial dermal burn
3rd degree = full thickness burn
4th degree = to muscle and bone
T or F… you lose a lot of water when burned
ture, become hypovolemic
post burn complications
- hypovolemic shock due to shift in body fluids to interstitial compartments
- pulmonary and generalized edema
airway injury after burns
- direct injury due to heat
* indirect injury due to toxic products in smoke results in pneumonitis
what are examples of secondary burn infections?
1) organ system failure
2) pneumonia and septic shoch are common
3) sepsis is the leading cause of death
what is the leading cause of death with burn victims?
sepsis from secondary infections is the leading cause of death
common bacteria found in secondary burn infections?
which one is most common?
1) pseudomonas aeruginosa
2) S. aureus
3) Candida is MOST COMMON
define thermal injury
hypermetabolic state with excess heat loss and incresed need for nutritional support
what are the stages of thermal injury?
1) hyperthermia
2) heat exhaustion
3) heat stroke
hyperthermia initially causes?
heat cramps (loss of electrolytes via sweating) and spasms of voluntary muscles
___________ system cannot compensate for hypovolemia
cardiovascular system
heat exhaustion
most common
- sudden with prostration and collapse
- cardiovascular system cannot compensate for hypovolemia
what happens to core body temp is a heat stroke?
rises as high as 113 F
define prostration
act of lying stretched out on the ground
what temperature results in 50% of mortality?
106 F
heat stroke is more common in what population
the elderly with cardiovascular disease
what is the pathogenesis of heat stroke?
marked generalized peripheral dilation with peripheral pooling of blood and decreased circulating blood volume
define Malignant hyperthermia
IS GENETIC NOT ENVIRONMENTAL!
- reaction to certain gases used during anesthesia
- or paralyze, relax muscles during surguries
- INREASED Ca+ that breaks down muscle
define hypothermia
loss of core body temperature
what happens when the core body temp reduces to 90 F?
- unconsciousness
- bradycardia
- atrial fibrillation
bradycardia vs tachycardia
Examples of causes?
- bradycardia = slow heart rate (hypothermia)
* tachycardia = too fast heart rate (cocaine)
1) AFib or atrial fibrillation puts patients at an increased risk of?
2) common type of medicine?
3) concern as a dentist?
1) stroke
2) blood thinners (Ex: Warfarin, rivaroxaban or dabigatran)
3) need to make sure your can proceed with treatment while on prescription OR if it is safe to stop taking medicine for a couple of days to perform treatment
define AFib or atrial fibrillation
irregular, rapid heart rate that may cause symptoms like heart palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath
define electrical injury
type of injury dependent upon the amperage and path of electrical current in body (burns or cardiac interruption)
low voltage electrical injury
(AC) tetanus and spasms of chest wall muscles
high voltage electrical injury
(lightning) paralysis of medullary center and extensive burns
radiation injury forms
1) electromagnetic waves (x-rays)
2) high energy neutrons and charges particles
radiation injury targets?
DNA
what does radiation do to DNA?
causes direct damage or indirect damage via free radicals
effect on cells and tissues from radiation injury?
- cells in mitosis are susceptible to permanent damage
- rapidly dividing tissues (bone marrow, mucosa) show rapid destruction
define Osteoradionecrosis (ORN)
is a condition of nonvital bone in a site of radiation injury.
- Can be spontaneous, but it most commonly results from tissue injury.
0 The absence of reserve reparative capacity is a result of the prior radiation injury
secondary tissue damage from radiation injury is due to a loss of?
blood supply
examples of secondary tissue damage?
1) endothelium destruction
2) radiation converts oxygen to superoxide causing free radical tissue injury
3) radon is carcinogen in lung tissue
