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Anatomy and Physiology - 300 > Heart Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Heart Lecture 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Heart muscle contains numerous what for energy?

A

Mitochondria

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2
Q

Alternating bands of light and dark

A

striations

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3
Q

Heart controls itself so it is

A

involuntary

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4
Q

What hold fibres together

A

Intercalated discs

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5
Q

Tight cell junction for stability

A

Desmosome

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6
Q

Tube connecting cells, transmit substances, conduct electricity

A

Gap junctions

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7
Q

Self-excitable, beats itself

A

Autorhythmicity

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8
Q

Self-excitable fibres

A

Autorhythmic fibres

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9
Q

Network of specialized cells that cause contraction

A

Conducting system

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10
Q

Conducting system components order 1-5

A
  1. SA node
  2. Internodal pathways
  3. AV node
  4. AV bundle and branches
  5. Purkinje fibres
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11
Q

Cells that set pace of heart. SA node

A

Pacemaker cells

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12
Q

Pacemaker of heart, 60-100 bpm

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

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13
Q

Distributes signal to RA and LA

A

Internodal pathways

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14
Q

If SA node fails, can take over pacing. Slower. B/w atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular node

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15
Q

Transmit signal from AV node

A

AV bundle

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16
Q

Transmit signal to apex

A

Bundle branches

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17
Q

Conduction goes back up from Apex. Radiate upward

A

Purkinje fibres

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18
Q

Fires SA node if damaged or diseased

A

Artificial pacemaker

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19
Q

Purpose of cardiac muscle longer contraction

A

Avoid tetanic contraction (hold beat too long)

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20
Q

3 stages of cardiac muscle action potential

A
  1. rapid depolarization
  2. plateau (key)
  3. Repolarization
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21
Q

Contraction stages: sodium in, voltage-gated channels

A

Rapid depolarization

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22
Q

Contraction stages: membrane potential stays near 0 mV

A

Plateau

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23
Q

Slow calcium channels

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A

slow to open/close more calcium entering

24
Q

Contraction stages: slow calcium channels close, potassium out

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A

Repolarization

25
Cardiac muscle energy type
Aerobic cellular respiration
26
Cardiac fuels for power
Fat, glucose
27
When heart uses lactic acid
During exercise
28
Creatine phosphate blood test used for
presence in bloodstream - heart attack
29
Recording of heart electrical currents
ECG
30
ECG reading: Atria firing off - atrial polarization
P wave
31
ECG: ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
32
ECG: Ventricular repolarization
T wave
33
Atria repolarizes when?
During QRS complex
34
ECG: Time difference b/w P and Q
P-Q interval
35
How much time in P-Q interval could mean damage
>200msec
36
ECG: Start of QRS complex to end of T-wave
Q-T interval
37
Q-T interval too long could mean
Myocardial damage, ischemia
38
ECG: End of QRS to beginning T wave
S-T segment
39
S-T segment represents
End of depolarization, beginning of repolarization
40
Abnormal heart beat called
arrhythmia
41
Fast heart rate >100bpm
Tachycardia
42
Slow heart rate <60bpm
Bradycardia
43
Surprise atrial contraction
Premature atrial contraction
44
atria keep contracting early causing raised heart rate
Paroxymal atria tachycardia
45
Atria fluttering, not enough blood pump, ventricles working, mostly alright
Atrial Fibrillation
46
Which is worse? ventricular or atrial issues?
Ventricular
47
Ventricle prematurely contracts
Premature ventricular contractions
48
Ectopic pacemaker
Responsible for premature ventricular contractions
49
Cardiac arrest. Blood not pumping well, bad contractions
Ventricular fibulation
50
Cardiac cycle: contraction, blood leaves chamber
Systole
51
Cardiac cycle: Relax, chamber refills
Diastole
52
Sequence of contractions:
1. Atrial Systole 2. Ventricular systole
53
Atrial systole
Atria contract, push blood in ventricles
54
Ventricular systole
Ventricles contract, push blood into circuits (lungs or body)
55
typical Cardiac cycles lasts how long
800msec (0.8 sec)

Anatomy and Physiology - 300 (14 decks)

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