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Anatomy and Physiology - 300 > Blood Vessels Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessel functions (2)

A

deliver blood to organs/tissues
maintain homeostasis - vasoconstriction/vasodilation

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2
Q

Efferent vessels carry where?

A

away from heart

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3
Q

Afferent vessels carry where?

A

Towards the heart

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4
Q

Why high blood pressure refers to arterial system?

A

Less pressure in veins/capillaries

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5
Q

Arteries are which kind of vessel?

A

efferent

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6
Q

Arteries bring blood to where?

A

Arterioles

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7
Q

Arterioles regulate flow into where?

A

Capillary beds

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8
Q

What happens at capillary sites?

A

Exchange of gases and nutrients b/w blood and tissue

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9
Q

Capillaries are composed of what?

A

Endothelial cells

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10
Q

Arteries are composed by?

A

Thick elastic walls

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11
Q

What are arterioles? are they more or less elastic?

A

Small arteries
Less elastic

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12
Q

Venules and veins are which kind of vessel?

A

Afferent

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13
Q

What do veins and venules regulate?

A

Cardiac filling (return to heart)

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14
Q

name blood vessel wall layers innermost to outermost

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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15
Q

Name 3 components of the Tunica Intima

A

Endothelium
Basement membrane
Internal elastic lamina

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16
Q

What is the Tunica Media composed of?

A

Smooth muscle and elastic fibres

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17
Q

What does the external elastic lamina seperate?

A

Separates Tunica Externa from Tunica Media

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18
Q

Tunica Media can do what?

A

Limit pressure and blood flow - by contract/dilate
Help limit blood loss w/ injury

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19
Q

What is Tunica Externa composed of?

A

Elastin & collagen fibres. nerves, blood vessels

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20
Q

Vasa vasorum located in Tunica Externa, does what?

A

small vessels that supply blood to blood vessels

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21
Q

Main difference between composition of Arteries and Veins

A

Arteries: Thicker walls
Veins: Thicker lumen

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22
Q

How does blood move in arteries and veins

A

Arteries: Pressure from heart
Veins: Valves & skeletal muscle contractions

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23
Q

How thick are the walls of Capillaries, which have the thinnest walls?

A

One cell layer thick

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24
Q

Arteries have high compliance which means?

A

more ability to stretch, due to elastic fibres

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25
Q

What innervates smooth muscle, allowing for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Autonomic nervous system - sympathetics decrease or increase diameter

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26
Q

Main differences between Elastic and Muscular arteries?

A

Elastic: Bigger, conduct blood away from heart
Muscular: Smaller, distribute blood to other organs

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27
Q

Main function of Elastic Arteries?

A

Stretch and squeeze back to conduct blood during Ventricle Systole

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28
Q

Structure of Muscular Arteries?

A

Less elastic, more muscles

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29
Q

Main function of Muscular Arteries?

A

Distribute blood to organs
Greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation for blood flow

30
Q

Size of Arterioles

A

not much bigger than capillaries

31
Q

Arterioles also have what in the Tunica Externa?

A

Sympathetic nerves

32
Q

Main function of Arterioles?

A

Regulate flow of blood into capillary networks

33
Q

Order of movement from Arterioles to capillaries

A

Ateriole, Metarteriole, Precapillary-sphincter, capillary

34
Q

How does vasoconstriction effect blood pressure in arterioles?

A

Increases blood pressure

35
Q

Main function of Capillaries aka Exchange Vessels

A

Exchange of gases and nutrients

36
Q

Capillaries are small but have large surface area because?

A

to contact all body cells
more capillaries to more active cells

37
Q

Capillary walls are made up of?

A

Single endothelial cell layer and basement membrane

38
Q

What is a capillary bed?

A

Network of capillaries supplying an organ/tissue

39
Q

What is the function of the Metarteriole in the Capillary Bed

A

Initial segment of connection passageway
Smooth muscles adjusts flow rate through capillary bed

40
Q

What is the arteriovenous shunt?

A

Connection b/w arteriole and venule
Blood bypasses capillary bed

41
Q

What is the thoroughfare channel?

A

Most direct passageway through capillary bed
Contains no muscle

42
Q

What are Precapillary sphincters?

A

Bands of smooth muscle
Control flow into capillary bed

43
Q

The capillary bed may be supplied by multiple arteries called?

A

Collaterals

44
Q

The process that blood vessels join together is called?

A

Arterial anastomosis

45
Q

What is a terminal artery or end artery?

A

Artery that is only supplier to a tissue/organ

46
Q

Three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoids

47
Q

Continuous capillaries are found where?

A

Brain, lungs, skeletal/smooth mm, CT

48
Q

Continuous capillaries main function?

A

Permits diffusion of substances
Prevents blood cell/plasma protein loss

49
Q

Where are Fenestrated capillaries found

A

Brain/thyroid glands, intestines, kidneys

50
Q

Fenestrated capillaries contain what?

A

Windows for rapid exchange of water/large solutes

51
Q

Sinusoidal capillary characteristics

A

Wider fenestrations, no basement membrane,

52
Q

Where are Sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

RBM, spleen, liver, pituitary, parathyroid

53
Q

What do portal systems do?

A

Lets blood pass from one capillary network to another (shortcut)

54
Q

Two locations where Portal systems are found?

A

Liver, Pituitary gland

55
Q

Hepatic Portal System does what?

A

Transports blood to liver from GI tract and spleen

56
Q

Hypophyseal Portal System does what?

A

Connects capillary beds of hypothalamus and pituitary gland

57
Q

What are Venules

A

Small veins that draw from capillaries to return to heart

58
Q

Blood flow through smallest vessels occurs in all tissues/organs except?

A

Cornea and epidermis

59
Q

Characteristics of veins?

A

Larger diameter lumen and thinner walls, less contraction

60
Q

Veins and venules are under low pressure, so blood tends to do what?

A

stop and pool

61
Q

One way valves are used in veins for?

A

Preventing backflow and keeping blood moving forward

62
Q

Mechanisms that maintain flow of blood in veins against gravity?

A

Valves, skeletal muscles, respiratory pumps,

63
Q

What is vascular sinus?

A

Vein with no smooth muscle

64
Q

Double veins connect via channels called?

A

Anastomotic veins

65
Q

What are varicose veins? What causes them?

A

Pooling of blood due to valves not working

66
Q

Where are varicose veins m/c found?

A

Lower extremities/esophagus

67
Q

Varicose vein causes

A

mechanical, stress, pregnancy, eating habits

68
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Growth of new blood vessels for wound/uterine healing

69
Q

What are tumor angiogenesis factors?

A

Blood vessel growth for nourishment of tumor cells

70
Q

Where is more blood volume contained?

A

Systemic venous system

71
Q

Where are blood reservoirs located?

A

Venous networks from digestive organs to liver

72
Q

What is the function of vasoconstriction in the venous system?

A

Maintain blood volume in arterial system even w/ blood loss

Anatomy and Physiology - 300 (14 decks)

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