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Anatomy and Physiology - 300 > Blood lecture 2 > Flashcards

Blood lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

RBC’s make up how much of total body cells

A

1/3rd

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2
Q

How many RBC die per second

A

3 million

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3
Q

Lifespan of RBC’s

A

120 days

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4
Q

RBC’s biconcave discs meaning

A

thinner center, thicker edge

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5
Q

RBC functions: rouleaux

A

form stacks, transport in small vessels

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5
Q

RBC functions: large surface area

A

hemoglobin, more oxygen exchange

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6
Q

RBC functions: flexible

A

to move through narrow space

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7
Q

Cytosol of RBCs contain

A

hemoglobin

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8
Q

Hemoglobin consists of

A

Globin and heme

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9
Q

Globin is what?

A

Protein

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10
Q

Heme is what?

A

ringlike non-protein pigments bound to protein chains, iron ion

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11
Q

Heme contains iron ion interacting with?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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12
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Makes oxygenated blood red

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13
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

dark red, hemoglobin not bound to oxygen

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14
Q

RBC transports O2 from

A

Lungs to cells

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15
Q

RBC transports C02

A

cells to lungs

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16
Q

each RBC contains how much hb molecules

A

280 million

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17
Q

Carbon monoxide binding causes

A

Inability for blood to transport O2

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18
Q

Proerythroblast is what? where it start? becomes what?

A

precursor cell, red bone marrow, reticulocyte

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19
Q

How erythrocyte becomes reticulocyte

A

ejects nucleus

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20
Q

Reticulocyte has bi-concave shape and contains

A

mitochondria, ribosomes, ER

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21
Q

Erythroblasts begin production of what?

A

Begin prod. Hb

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22
Q

Normoblasts

A

Lose nuclei become reticulocytes

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23
Q

Reticulocytes contain what? enery bloodstream after how long?

A

contain 80% of Hb of mature RBC. Enter 2 days

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24
Q

Hypoxia

A

Cellular oxygen deficiency

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25
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Causes RBC prod. in kidneys

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26
Q

Where ruptured or worn out RBC’s phagocytized

A

spleen, liver, red marrow

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27
Q

What happens to heme and globin during RBC breakdown

A

split apart

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28
Q

RBC breakdown: Globin broken down into what?

A

Amino acids

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29
Q

RBC breakdown: What is removed from heme

A

Iron

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30
Q

RBC breakdown: iron attaches with what for transport?

A

transferrin - transports iron through stream

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31
Q

RBC breakdown: Iron detaches from transferrin and stored in

A

Ferritin

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32
Q

RBC breakdown: What happens to iron after released from storage

A

Reattach to transferrin

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33
Q

RBC breakdown: where iron is transported after storage

A

Carried to RBM — hemoglobin synthesis

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34
Q

RBC breakdown: non-iron portion of heme converted to

A

Biliverdin and biliruben

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35
Q

What biliruben is converted into

A

Urobilinogen

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36
Q

Urobilinogen converted into what?

A

Urobilin (urine) and stercobilin (feces)

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37
Q

Iron overload can lead to what?

A

Damage and disease to liver, heart

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38
Q

method of eliminating excess iron

A

none

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39
Q

acronym

A

NLMEB

40
Q

WBC time in circulation

A

short time

41
Q

WBC processes for migrating out of blood stream

A

emigration or diapedesis

42
Q

What is positive chemotaxis

A

WBC’s attracted to chemical stimuli, release cytokines, attract more WBC’s

43
Q

WBC differential count

A

Number of each WBC in sample

44
Q

2 classes of white blood cells

A

Granular leukocytes, agranular leukoytes

45
Q

Granular leukocyte types

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

46
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most numerous WBC

47
Q

Eosinophils

A

antihistamine, destroy parasites/Ab-Ag complexes

48
Q

Basophils

A

release serotonin, heparin, histamine allergic reactions

49
Q

Agranular leukocyte types and percent

A

Monocytes 2-8%, lymphocytes 20-40%

50
Q

Monocytes

A

phagocytosis of dead cells & debris

51
Q

Lymphocytes 3 types:

A

T-cells, B-cells, Nk cells

52
Q

T-cells

A

Attack cancer, viral invasions

53
Q

B-cells

A

become plasma cells, secrete ab’s

54
Q

NK cells

A

Destroy cancer, infectious microbes

55
Q

How long WBC’s live

A

Most only live a few days, can be months to years

56
Q

Do granular leukocytes and monocytes return to circulation

A

No

57
Q

Why lymphcytes continually recirculate

A

To create memories

58
Q

Phagocytosis

A

engulfing another microbe

58
Q

Emigration

A

WBC’s squeeze through endothelial cells

59
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Chemicals released by toxins attract phagocytes

60
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBCs, response to something

61
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC levels

62
Q

Leukemia

A

WBC cancer

63
Q

Leukocytolysis

A

WBC death

64
Q

Thrombocyte function

A

Blood clot formation

65
Q

megakaroblasts

A

Thrombocyte (platelet) precursor cell

66
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

hormone for platelet production

67
Q

Hemostasis

A

Platelets bind together to stop blood loss

68
Q

Hemorrhage

A

large amount of blood loss

68
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clotting undamaged vessel

69
Q

Vascular phase hemostasis

A

vascular spasms - blood vessels constrict

70
Q

How do vascular spasms start?

A

endothelins that promote vascular spasms

71
Q

How platelet phase works

A

Stick to damaged vessel, cause more vasodilation, platelets keep collecting and form plug

72
Q

What is serum

A

blood outside body, no clotting factors

73
Q

What is the clotting cascade

A

Chemical reactions leading to clotting

74
Q

Procoagulants

A

Clotting factors - key role in blood clotting

75
Q

Clotting pathways that lead to common pathway

A

Extrinsic and Inrinsic

76
Q

Extrinsic pathway general ideas

A

Occurs quicker than intrinsic, involves factor from outside blood (tissue factor)

77
Q

Intrinsic pathway general ideas

A

Slower than extrinsic (minutes), all factors already inside blood

78
Q

Activated factor x from intrinsic or extrinsic pathways activate?

A

Prothombinase

79
Q

Prothrombinase converts what?

A

Prothrombin into thrombin

80
Q

Thrombin converts what?

A

fibrinogen into fibrin

81
Q

Thrombin and Factor XIII make what?

A

Activated factor XIII, strengthens clot

82
Q

Vitamin K is responsible for?

A

Clotting factors

83
Q

Fibrinolytic System does what?

A

Dissolve small clots after damage repaired

84
Q

Fibrinolyisis uses what to dissolve clots

A

plasmin

85
Q

Anticoagulants prevent

A

Unnecessary clotting

86
Q

Warfarin

A

Blocks vit k/ clotting factor prod.

87
Q

Anti-thrombin

A

blocks thrombin formation

88
Q

Heparin helps?

A

Helps activity of anti-thrombin

89
Q

APC (Activated Protein C

A

Blocks clotting factors/enhance activity of plasminogen activators

90
Q

Thrombolytic Agents

A

Chemicals to dissolve clots

91
Q

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

A

Activates plasmin

92
Q

Streptokinase

A

prod by bacteria, dissolves clots

93
Q

Aspirin

A

Inhibits vasoconstriction

94
Q

Thrombus

A

Clot in undamaged vessel

95
Q

Embolus

A

Broken piece of thrombus in bloodstream (can have serious consequences)

Anatomy and Physiology - 300 (14 decks)

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