health science study guide Flashcards
8 blood types
A+, B+, A-, B-, AB+, AB-, O-, O+
universal donor
O-/ O neg
universal receiver
AB +
what is physiology
the study of body function
directional planes
frontal plane, transverse plane, sagittal plane
homeostasis
process that helps living things maintain stable conditions for survival
what is the function of the hypothalamus
to keep your body in a stable state
shingles disease
reactive chicken pox virus in the body causing painful rash
what are the organ systems in the human body
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive
what is the autonomic nervous system
controls bodily functions that are not consciously directed
ex: breathing, heart beat
what are organic compounds
molecules that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms. include carbohydrates, proteins and fats or lipids
the function of the hippocampus
memory, learning
what is pericarditis
the swelling and irritation of thin saclike membrane surrounding the heart causing chest pain
what minerals are stored in the bones
calcium and phosphorus
what is osteomyelitis
bone infection; inflammation of a bone caused by infection, generally through the arm, leg or spine
functions of the skeletal system
provides movement and shape, produces blood cells and provides protection for organs and stored minerals
normal body temperature
98.6 F or 37 C
blood pressure for human
120/80
normal heart rate
60-100 bpm
what is ringworm disease
skin infection (usually rash) caused by a fungal infection
what is the disease psoriasis
a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches. most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp
what is a tumor
abnormal mass of tissue that gives a general amount of swelling and imflammation
impetigo disease
skin infection that causes highly contagious red sores
what is the Hippocratic oath
obligations of proper conduct (“do no harm”)
when were CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasound imaging invented
ct scans were invented in 1961, MRI’s were in 1971, and ultrasound was in 1956
when did humans start to develop antibiotics
1890s
who was joseph lister
was the man who developed sterilization to prevent infection before and after surgery through the process of antisepsis
why does the medical insignia include a symbol of a snake
it originates from the story of Asclepius who was revered by the ancient greek as a god of healing whose cult included the use of snakes
who was Robert koch
one of the founders of bacteriology(study of bacteria)
how do you obtain consent from an unconscious patient to perform CPR
if they are unconscious consent is applied
steps for performing first aid
- check the scene for safety
2.check for responsiveness. if responsive ask for consent - if a person appears unresponsive check for a response
- if a person is not responsive call 911 or have another bystander call 911
- kneel beside the person and prep for CPR
- give 30 compressions
- give 2 breaths
- continue CPR till the ambulance arrives or you are supplied with an AED
what are the abcs of assessing a patient
airway, breathing, circulation
what are the steps for controlling the bleed
- apply direct pressure
- raise injured area if needed
- keep foreign objects inside the wound
4.keep patient at total rest - if blood leaks through the pressure pad and bandage apply another pressure pad and bandage. use tourniquet if absolutely needed
what are the routes of medication administration
oral
inhalation
injection
intravenous
intramuscular
what is pharmacognosy
the study of drugs made from natural sources such as plants and animals
what is pharmacokinetics
study of the four processes that affect plasma concentration in drugs
what are the mechanisms of action of medications
binding and stimulating, binding and blocking, inhibiting, decreasing the movement
what are bradycardia and tachycardia
bradycardia - slow heart rate
tachycardia - fast heart rate
what is apnea
no breathing
what are arrhythmias
irregular heartbeats
what is an advanced directive
written statement of a persons wishes regarding medical treatment
what is the purpose of HIPPA
protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without patient consent or knowledge
what are the main structures of nerve cells?
dendrites, axon, soma
node of ranvier, axon terminal, schwann cell
myelin sheath, nucleas
what are the vertebrae in the body
cervical spine
thoracic spine
lumbar spine
sacral spine
tail bone(coccyx)
how many vertebrae are in the human body
33
