anatomy cells Flashcards
1
Q
what is a cell membrane?
A
- the boundary of the cell
- determines what comes in and out of the cell
2
Q
what is a nucleus?
A
- houses the DNA of the cells
- directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
3
Q
what are the mitochondria?
A
- “powerhouse of the cell”
- responsible for making ATP(adenosine triphosphate)
4
Q
what is the Golgi apparatus?
A
responsible for sorting, tagging, and producing proteins to be sent throughout the body
5
Q
what are lysosomes
A
- digestive component and organelle recycling facility of animal cells
- destroy pathogens
- in a process known as phagocytosis or endocytosis
6
Q
what are peroxisomes
A
- small round organelles that carry out oxidation reactions
- break down fatty acids and amino acids
- detoxify many poisons
7
Q
what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A
- ribosomes attached to its outer surface
transfer their newly created usable proteins into hollow tubules of the RER where they undergo structural modifications depending on their intended function
8
Q
what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A
- continuous with the RER but has few or no ribosomes on outer surface
- creation of usable carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones
- detoxification of medications and poisons
- storage of calcium ions
9
Q
what are ribosomes?
A
- cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis
- translate code from mRNA
10
Q
what is a cytoplasm?
A
- mostly water, semi-solid, jello-like consistency because of many proteins
- contains a rich broth of macromolecules
- many metabolic reactions
11
Q
what are the cilia?
A
short hair-like structures
used to move entire cells
move substances along the outer surface of the cell
extend along the entire surface of the plasma membrane
12
Q
what are the flagella?
A
long hair-like structures
used to move an entire cell
