anatomy cardiovascular system

Question 1

what are the two main functions of the CVS

Answer 1

• Remove waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid
• delivery of oxygen and nutrient to all cells and mobility of elements

Question 2

what are the 3 main components of the CVS

Answer 2

• heart
• blood vessels
• blood

Question 3

a person’s heart beats an average of ______?

Answer 3

100,000 times per day

Question 4

what type of muscle makes up the heart?

Answer 4

cardiac muscle

Question 5

how many chambers does the heart have and where are they located

Answer 5

four chambers and in the thoracic cavity

Question 6

the cardiac muscle is self exciting what does this mean

Answer 6

it has its own conduiction system(doesnt need a nerve impulse)

Question 7

what are the 2 differences between arteries and veins

Answer 7

arteries - bring blood away from the heart, are thicker and have higher blood pressure

veins - bring blood back to the heart, are thinner, and have lower blood pressure

Question 8

how are capillaries unique?

Answer 8

the smallest of a body’s vessels; they connect arteries to veins. they are only 1 cell wide

where the exchange takes place

Question 9

what is the average BPM for adults?

Answer 9

72 BPM

Question 10

increased heart rate = _______?

Answer 10

increased needs for oxygen in tissue

Question 11

what is regulation controlled by?

Answer 11

a set of nerves

Question 12

what is blood pressure?

Answer 12

blood pushing against artery walls

Question 13

what is the average blood pressure?

Answer 13

120/80

Question 14

what is systolic?

Answer 14

when the heart is pumping

Question 15

what is diastolic?

Answer 15

when the heart is relaxed

Question 16

what does the top number tell you when taking your blood pressure?

Answer 16

when the heart is pumping: 120/

Question 17

what does the bottom number tell you when taking your blood pressure?

Answer 17

when the heart is relaxed: /80

Question 18

what is considered high blood pressure?

Answer 18

140/95

Question 19

what is considered low blood pressure?

Answer 19

100/60

Question 20

what are the functions of blood?

Answer 20

distribute, regulation, protection

Question 21

what is blood composed of?

Answer 21

1. erythrocytes(45% total volume)
2. leukocytes and platelets(less than 1%)
3. plasma(55% remaining)

Question 22

what is blood?

Answer 22

a mixture of cells floating in plasma
the only fluid tissue in the body

Question 23

what does blood color tell you?

Answer 23

1. scarlet(oxygen-rich)
2. dark red/black (oxygen-poor)

Question 24

which blood type is the universal receiver?

Answer 24

type AB

Question 25

which blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 25

type O

Question 26

what type of antigens and antibodies does type A blood have

Answer 26

type A antigens and type B antibodies

Question 27

what type of antigens and antibodies does type B blood have

Answer 27

type B antigens and type A antibodies

Question 28

what type of antigens and antibodies does type AB blood have

Answer 28

type A and B antigens and no antibodies

Question 29

what type of antigens and antibodies does type O blood have

Answer 29

no antigens and A and B antibodies

Question 30

what is RH+ ?

Answer 30

a dominant protein in the blood(85% of the population)

Question 31

what is RH- ?

Answer 31

a person whose blood does not have a Rh protein(15% of the population)

Question 32

what is the chain of blood flow through the heart?

Answer 32

artery –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> veins

Question 33

what are arterioles?

Answer 33

very small arteries giving blood to the capillaries

Question 34

what are venules?

Answer 34

very small veins that collect blood from the capillaries

Question 35

what is the function of the sinoatrial node?

Answer 35

• “pacemaker of the heart” - controls the rhythm of the heart

Question 36

where is the SA node located?

Answer 36

located in the right atrium; spreads impulse from the right atrium to the left atrium causing the atria to contract

Question 37

what is the function atrioventricular node

Answer 37

a bundle of fibers that spread the signal across the ventricles(ventricular fibrillation)

Question 38

facts about the heart

Answer 38

• hollow
• less than a 1LB
• size of a fist
• pumps blood into body and tissues
• pumps 5 quarts/min