anatomy biomolecules

Question 1

what are the four types of biomolecules?

Answer 1

lipids, proteins, carbs, nucleic acids

Question 2

what are proteins composed of?

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

CHON

Question 3

what are nucleic acids composed of?

Answer 3

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

CHONP

Question 4

what are lipids composed of?

Answer 4

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

CHO

Question 5

what are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 5

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

CHO

Question 6

what is a lipids monomer(building block)?

Answer 6

fatty acids, glycerol

Question 7

what is a protein monomer(building block)?

Answer 7

amino acids (20 types)

Question 8

what is a nucleic acid monomer(building block)?

Answer 8

nucleotides (ATGC)

a -> t
c -> g

Question 9

what is a carbs monomer(building block)?

Answer 9

monosaccharide = 1 sugar

Question 10

examples of carbohydrates

Answer 10

glucose, lactose, starch

Question 11

examples of nucleic acids

Answer 11

DNA, RNA

DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose

Question 12

examples of lipids

Answer 12

fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids

Question 13

examples of proteins

Answer 13

muscles, keratin, collagen, pepsin, insulin

Question 14

what is the function of proteins?

Answer 14

provide structure
aid the immune system (act as antibodies)
cell communication

transport enzymes (used to speed up chem reactions)
hormones

Question 15

what is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

quick energy

Question 16

what is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 16

genetic information, protein synthesis (creation of proteins in the body)

Question 17

what is the function of a lipid?

Answer 17

long term energy, protection/insulation, make up cell membrane

Question 18

what is metabolism?

Answer 18

how a cell gets energy and removes waste

Question 19

what are the two types of metabolic reactions?

Answer 19

anabolic and catabolic

Question 20

what is the function of anabolic reactions?

Answer 20

used to make polymers
grow tissue
repair damage

Question 21

what is the function of catabolic reactions?

Answer 21

used to generate energy for anabolism(*release heat/energy (exergonic))
release small molecules for other purposes,
detoxify chemicals
regulate metabolic pathways

Question 22

example of catabolic reactions

Answer 22

cell respiration, digestion of food

Question 23

example of anabolic reactions

Answer 23

-Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle growth
-Synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Question 24

what are the 4 inorganic compounds?

Answer 24

water, salts, acids, bases

Question 25

water

Answer 25

comprises up to 70% of an adult's body weight inorganic compound because it doesn't contain both carbon AND hydrogen

Question 26

water acts as what?

Answer 26

lubricant and a cushion

Question 27

how does water help maintain body temperature?

Answer 27

water helps to maintain body temperature by its ability to absorb and dissipate heat without a change in temperature

Question 28

in order to survive, cells must be kept in a moist water-based liquid called a what?

Answer 28

solution

Question 29

what is water considered to be?

Answer 29

universal solvent and it is believed that life cannot exist without water because of this

Question 30

examples of water as a lubricant:

Answer 30

lubricate joints (synovial fluid) helps lungs expand and contract move food throughout the digestive tract

Question 31

examples of water as a cushion:

Answer 31

cushioning a developing fetus cushion brain within the skull nerve tissue in the eyes

Question 32

what is salt?

Answer 32

salt is a substance that, when dissolved in water, dissociates into ions other than H+ or OH- * This distinguishes salts from acids and bases

Question 33

why does our body need electrolytes?

Answer 33

to transmit nerve impulses and muscle contraction

Question 34

what do salts dissociate into when placed in water?

Answer 34

dissociate into ions or electrolytes, which are capable of conducting an electrical current in solution

Question 35

examples of salts in the body?

Answer 35

- bile salts - calcium phosphate salts - table salt NaCl

Question 36

keeping our pH balanced is an example of what?

Answer 36

homeostasis

Question 37

an acid is a substance that releases what?

Answer 37

hydrogen ions(H+) in solution

Question 38

strong acids are what?

Answer 38

corrosive (can damage tissue)

Question 39

what is the acid that is released in the stomach?

Answer 39

hydrochloric acid(HCl)

Question 40

what are the 2 functions of HCl?

Answer 40

aid in digestion kill ingested microbes

Question 41

what is a base?

Answer 41

substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution OR one that accepts H+ high pH balance

Question 42

what is bicarbonate?

Answer 42

weak base that helps protect the small intestine from HCl

Question 43

strong bases are what?

Answer 43

corrosive (can damage tissue)

Question 44

what is pH?

Answer 44

measure of how basic or acidic a solution is

Question 45

pH = 7

Answer 45

neutral(water) !no ions!

Question 46

pH < 7

Answer 46

acid(acidic) !H+ ions!

Question 47

pH > 7

Answer 47

base/alkaline !OH- ions!

Question 48

to move on the pH scale how many more ions do you need?

Answer 48

10

Question 49

what is a buffer?

Answer 49

a solution of a weak acid/base. bring too basic or acidic solutions back to normal(helps keep the body at normal pH(homeostasis))

Question 50

buffers are able to maintain a consistent body pH of?

Answer 50

7.4

Question 51

what is the most common simple sugar?

Answer 51

glucose

Question 52

what is a catalyst?

Answer 52

substances that increase or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction but remain unchanged.

Question 53

each enzyme is specific for the what?

Answer 53

substrate

Question 54

what is a substrate?

Answer 54

a reactant that binds to an enzyme

Question 55

what is an inorganic compound?

Answer 55

a substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen