Health Psych 1 - Models of Health Flashcards
What is the difference between the BIOMEDICAL and the BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL model of illness?
BioMEDICAL:
> Illness believed to have underlying pathology
> If you remove that pathology, you cure the illness
Disadvantages:
> May be too mechanical; doesn’t take personal attributes into account with regards to how people will respond i.e. personality, social support, cultural beliefs etc
BioPSYCHOSOCIAL:
> Psychological and social factors can add to biological and biomedical explanations and understanding of health and illness
> Disease and symptoms can be explained by a combination of physical, psychological, social and cultural factors.
> Employed in health psychology
What type of model is the Transtheoretical Model of health?
A stage based model
> This means that people can be at specific levels of change and that they incremental and progressive.
What are the two assumptions of the Transtheoretical Model?
- People move through each stage of change
2. Each stage of change is different
What are the advantages of the Transtheoretical Model?
It incorporates that people can be at different stages at different times of their health behaviour change
> means that at different stages, this model can be tailored to what the patient needs.
What are the 5 main stages of the Transtheoretical Model?
- Precontemplation -
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
What are the two extra stages of the Transtheoretical Model?
- Termination
7. Relapse
Criticisms of the Transtheoretical Model
Individuals may be in several stages at the one time
Too much focus on motivation and intention rather than past behaviour
Doesnt consider the social aspects of the health behaviour
What are the four main variables to the Health Belief model?
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived severity
- Perceived benefits
- Perceived barriers
What are the criticisms of the Health Belief Model
> it is quite static - unlike the transtheoretical model there is no room for progression etc
it doesnt include much emotion in one’s decision making
limited effects of social components eg drinking, smoking etc
The theory of planned behaviour
behaviour affected most closely by intention, which is influenced by your beliefs
What is the intention/behaviour gap and what model does it apply to?
It applies to the theory of planned behaviour
The gap between strong theoretical intentions and behavioural application
What are the two different models which attempt to close the intention/behaviour gap?
Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)
Temporal Self-Regulation Theory
How does the HAPA - Health Action Process Approach attempt to close the intention/behaviour gap?
Inclusion of the post-intention face;
In the theory of planned behaviour, all
How does the HAPA - Health Action Process Approach attempt to close the intention/behaviour gap?
Inclusion of the post-intention face; self efficacy (action, maintenance and relapse) and action plans (temporal and coping)
In the theory of planned behaviour, it does not address the factors which prevent intention from resulting in behaviour.
The theory of planned behaviour only addresses the factors which create one’s beliefs and then how they transfer into intentions.
What are the two overarching processes of the Health Action Process Approach?
Motivation - what are your intentions and how are they created?
Volition - what are your actions?
