Health Psyc 3 - Individual and Population

Question 1

What are the 3 different individual appraoches?

Answer 1

1. Motivational Interviewing
2. Problem solving approached and implementation planning
3. Modelling and behavioural practice

Question 2

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 2

Person centred method aimed at enhacing INTRINSIC motivation to change.

Question 3

What is the spirit of interviewing for motivational interviewing

Answer 3

Collaboration: pratictioner acknowledges expertise about themselves
Evocation: evoke the patients motivation for change - are you here to stop smoking for you or your baby?
Honoring Patient Autonomy: acknowledge the patients autonomy - its up to you

Question 4

What is problem focused counseling

Answer 4

1. Problem focussed exploration: break down problems into solvable and small, discrete units PRATICAL
2. Goal Setting - setting clear behaviourally defined goals which are achievable
3. Facilitating action

Mobilising the individual to overcome the problem
> dont want to hear advise, but instead listen and mobilise the help

Question 5

What is modelling change?

Answer 5

People might lack the skills and behaviour to approach a solution

We observe others in similar cases
eg. I, a 45 year old woman, wants to get out there and exercise more - DONT model off a 18 year old male who exercises outside your house

Question 6

Sanderson and Yopuk (2007) Modelling change condoms

Answer 6

Data showed that after watching a 30 minutes video on safe use of condoms, there was a higher self-efficacy and higher use amongst individuals

Question 7

What are the population bases approached to behavioural change?

Answer 7

Mass media campaigns

Question 8

What ar ethe 3 methods to maximise the use of mass media campaigns?

Answer 8

1. Appropriate use of fear messaging - just because you increase the anxiety of a health issue doesnt mean that people will address the behaviour.

People need to know that they can actually engage in the solution and that it is available.

2. Information Framing - negative framing may be more memorable, but positive framing may be processed at a deeper level.
3. Specific targeting of information - target the specific age, demographic etc

For example, there is no use advertising a breast screening ad in the country where no matter how motivated someone is to get a screen they do not have access!

Question 9

How can we use the environment to change behaviour?

Answer 9

Behaviour and behavioural change do not occur in isolation from the environment

A good environment should:
> provide cues to action - and remove unhealthy cues
> minimise the costs associated with the health behaviours
> increase the costs of engaging in health damaging outcomes eg smoking