Health Behaviour Change 2 Flashcards
What influences behaviour?
- Individual Factors
i. e. demographic, personality, beliefs - Environmental factors
i. e physical or social environment, access to services
What is a theory
a set of concepts and/or statements with specification of how phenomena relate to each other, that accounts for what is known, and explains and predicts phenomena
Why would we use a theory
- Cumulative science argument
- > that theory allows us to summarize events with shared language/ understanding - Prediction argument
- > theory allows us to predict and generalise - Change argument
- > theory guides design of (better?) interventions, evaluation/understanding - Everyoneisusingthemanyways argument
- > we all construct our own mental model of a theory/idea
Types of theories
- Motivational Theories (i.e. TPB)
- > focus on explaining motication - Stage theories (i.e. TTM, HAPA)
- > explain changes as a progression through a series of stages - Dual Process Theories (i.e. RIM)
- > focus on two differing process of information processing (reflection/impulsive;system 1v2)
TPB
Theory of planned behaviour
- > behaviour is determined by a person’s intentions
- > intentions in turn is determined by three factors
1. Attitude (doing X will be good for me)
2. Subjective norms (my friends are doing it)
3. Perceived behavioural control (I can do X)
Pros and cons of TPB
Pros
- > widely used in research studies
- > strong evidence for explaining behaviour
Cons
- > only explains motivation
- > many relevent factors not included in the theory
- > limited guidance on how to develop behaviour change interventions
Intention - Behaviour Gap
- > when an individual has high intentions but does not follow through with these intentions
Post-Intentional tasks of the intention-behaviour gap
- Initiating behaviour
- > get started, change of routines, etc. - Maintenance of behaviour
- > attention regulation, emotional regulation, goal conflict, resistance to temptation - Recovery of behaviour
- > breaking unwanted sequences, reassuring confidence - Termination of behaviour
- > goal disengagement
TTM of behaviour change
Transtheoretical model of behaviour change
don’t forget about relapse
Pros and cons of TTM of behaviour change
Pros
- > high face validity
- > emphasis on how behavioural change as a process
Cons
- > fixed sequence
- > not fully clear how to intervene
- > stage algorithm: arbitrary cut off points between stages
HAPA
Health Action Process Approach
- > risk perception (i.e. I am at risk for heart disease)
- > outcome expectancies (i.e. if I exercise I will reduce my cardiovascular risk)
- > Self-efficacy (ones belief in ones ability to succesfully perform a task)
Types of self efficacy
- Action self-efficacy
- > belief in capability to initiate action - Maintenance self-efficacy
- > beliefs in capability to deal with the barriers - Recovery self-efficacy
- > belief in capability to get back on track after being derailed
Ways of planning HAPA
Two processes of HAPA, what social-cognitive variables may play different roles in the two processes
1. Motivation
2. Volition
(the change must be planned, initiated, and maintained; relapses ust be managed)
S-C Variables
- > Motivation, volition and self-efficacy
Pros and cons of HAPA
Pros
- > comprehensive model, including both motivational and volitional processes - explains some of the intention-behaviour gay
- > suggests BCT’s: action planning and coping planning
Cons
- > higher level theory, does not explain in-the-moment behaviours (not dynamic)
Thinking fast and Slow
RIM-Model
- > behaviour controlled by two distinct systems of information processing, which operate in parallel
* Reflective system requires high cognitive capacity. Distraction, high/low levels of arousal interfere with its operation as it’s more easily disturbed
* Impulsive system requires little cognitive capacity and may control behaviour under suboptimal conditions
