Health Behavior Theories and Models

Question 1

Why study Behavior Theory Models?

Answer 1

1) To understand why people do what they do.

Question 2

Theory (Question # 1 For the Quiz)

Answer 2

A set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that presents systematic view of events and situations and how to predict behavior and phenomenon

Question 3

Good theory

Answer 3

Systematically arranges basic principles and provides a basis of why phenomenon occurs

Question 4

Model

Answer 4

draws on a number of theories to help people understand a problem

Question 5

What do we want from a theory of health behavior? (Question # 4 for Quiz)

Answer 5

Focal points for needs assessment or problem diagnosis; shape intervention strategies and educational messages; Explain, predict behavior and program outcomes: Why? What? How?; Provides a framework for client intake surveys, data collection (What to monitor, measure and compare; help structure program evaluation

Question 6

Two main types of behavior change theory

Answer 6

Continuume Theories (HBM, SCT, TPB) vs. Stage Theory (States of change) and Precaution Adoption Process Model.

Question 7

Health Belief Model

Answer 7

Readiness to act is determine by one’s beliefs toward the problem and recommended behavior

Question 8

Health Belief Model Key Constructs

Answer 8

Perceptions of: susceptibility (How likely of getting a condition) , severity (One’s opinion of how swerious a condition is) , benefits (One’s opinion of the advised action) , barriers (One’s opinion of the costs of the advised action) , cues to action (prompts to act) , self-efficacy (One’s level of confidence to take action).

Question 9

Theory of Planned Behavior

Answer 9

Attitudes toward behavior - positive or negative value of behavior; Behavioral Beliefs - beliefs regarding the outcome of the behavior; Normative belief- the perceived belief and opinions of important people about behavior; Subjective norm - perceived social pressure to participate or not participate in behavior; perceived control beliefs - perceived supports or barriers to behavior change; Perceived behavior control- perceived ability to change behavior; Intention.

Question 10

Constructs TPB

Answer 10

Behavioral beliefs; attitude towards behavior; normative beliefs; subjective norms; control beliefs; perceived behavioral control; sum = intention, which leads to behavior.

Question 11

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 11

Bandura Background; asks how do we learn how to behave? (1, by watching others, 2: reinforcement; 3: Expediencies (rewards and consequences) 4: Expectation: anticipating rewards)

Question 12

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 12

Behavior change is influenced by the interactions between the environment, personal factors and the behavior itself. (personal characteristics, environmental factors, behavioral factors).

Question 13

Key Constructs of Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 13

1) reinforcement: direct, vicarious, and self-reinforcement 2) Behavioral Capability: The knowledge and skills to 3) Expectations: results 4) Expectancies: The value that individuals place on an expected outcome 5) Self-regulation: ability to monitor behavior 6) Observational Learning 7) Self-efficacy

Question 14

Four Ways to Develop Self-Efficacy

Answer 14

1) Personal Mastery of Task 2) Vicarious Experiences 3) Verbal Persuasion 4)emotional Arousal.

Question 15

Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Basic Assumptions

Answer 15

Basic assumptions: Change… is a process not an event, unfolds over time through stages, is not continuous, can cycle in both desired and undesired directions, can still be set in motion without actual behavior change.

Question 16

Core Constructs TTM (StuPiD SeT)

Answer 16

1) Stages of change 2) Processes of Change 3) Decisional Balance 4) Self-efficacy 5) Temptation

Question 17

Stages of Change

Answer 17

Pre-contemplation, contemplation (action in next 6 months), Preparation (Change behavior in next 30 days), Action (Doing,,, but not changed yet 6 months), Maintenance (relapse prevention), Termination (Transformed). Use the staging process to see what stage a person is in.

Question 18

Decision balance

Answer 18

Weighing pros and cons, key at pre C and Prep phase

Question 19

Self-efficacy

Answer 19

Perceived confidence; low in pre, high in C

Question 20

Consciousness raising

Answer 20

Learning new facts, ideas, and tips

Question 21

Self-reevaluation

Answer 21

realizing the behavior is an important part of one’s identity

Question 22

Helping relationship

Answer 22

social support for behavior changes

Question 23

Social liberation

Answer 23

social norms are changing in the direction of supporting the behavior chane

Question 24

How Can the socio-ecological Approach be used to select a theory for use?

Answer 24

Underlying Concept is that behavior has multiple levels of influence. Emphasizes the interaction between, and the interdependence of factors within and across all levels of a health problem. It helps us understand the specific level of influence, and which theory best works for that level.

Question 25

7b. What is the underlying concept for the social cognitive theory?

Answer 25

Bandura; emphasis on the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior, but Individual expectations of consequences of behavior also determine behavior

Question 26

7d. What is the underlying concept for the Theory of planned behavior?

Answer 26

Addresses the problem of incomplete volitional control, intention (separates it from TPB), includes attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norm, but it also has the theme of perceived behavioral control.

Question 27

7e. What is the underlying concept of the Health belief model?

Answer 27

A value-expectancy theory. According o this class of theory, the tendency to perform a particular act is a function of the expectancy that the act will be followed by certain consequences.

Question 28

Perceived Behavioral Control

Answer 28

refers to people’s perceptions of their ability to perform a given behavior. related to theory of planned behavior

Question 29

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 29

related social cognitive theory - states that people are reinforced by observing someone else being reinforced for behaving in a particular manner. “observational learning”

Question 30

Behavioral Beliefs

Answer 30

• beliefs regarding the outcome of the behavior

Question 31

Normative belief perceived ability to change behavior; Intention.

Answer 31

• the perceived belief and opinions of important people about behavior

Question 32

Subjective norm

Answer 32

• perceived social pressure to participate or not participate in behavior

Question 33

perceived control beliefs

Answer 33

perceived supports or barriers to behavior change

Question 34

Perceived behavior control

Answer 34

perceived ability to change behavior

Question 35

Intention

Answer 35

Readiness and intent to change behavior