Health Behavior Theories and Models Flashcards
Why study Behavior Theory Models?
1) To understand why people do what they do.
Theory (Question # 1 For the Quiz)
A set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that presents systematic view of events and situations and how to predict behavior and phenomenon
Good theory
Systematically arranges basic principles and provides a basis of why phenomenon occurs
Model
draws on a number of theories to help people understand a problem
What do we want from a theory of health behavior? (Question # 4 for Quiz)
Focal points for needs assessment or problem diagnosis; shape intervention strategies and educational messages; Explain, predict behavior and program outcomes: Why? What? How?; Provides a framework for client intake surveys, data collection (What to monitor, measure and compare; help structure program evaluation
Two main types of behavior change theory
Continuume Theories (HBM, SCT, TPB) vs. Stage Theory (States of change) and Precaution Adoption Process Model.
Health Belief Model
Readiness to act is determine by one’s beliefs toward the problem and recommended behavior
Health Belief Model Key Constructs
Perceptions of: susceptibility (How likely of getting a condition) , severity (One’s opinion of how swerious a condition is) , benefits (One’s opinion of the advised action) , barriers (One’s opinion of the costs of the advised action) , cues to action (prompts to act) , self-efficacy (One’s level of confidence to take action).
Theory of Planned Behavior
Attitudes toward behavior - positive or negative value of behavior; Behavioral Beliefs - beliefs regarding the outcome of the behavior; Normative belief- the perceived belief and opinions of important people about behavior; Subjective norm - perceived social pressure to participate or not participate in behavior; perceived control beliefs - perceived supports or barriers to behavior change; Perceived behavior control- perceived ability to change behavior; Intention.
Constructs TPB
Behavioral beliefs; attitude towards behavior; normative beliefs; subjective norms; control beliefs; perceived behavioral control; sum = intention, which leads to behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory
Bandura Background; asks how do we learn how to behave? (1, by watching others, 2: reinforcement; 3: Expediencies (rewards and consequences) 4: Expectation: anticipating rewards)
Social Cognitive Theory
Behavior change is influenced by the interactions between the environment, personal factors and the behavior itself. (personal characteristics, environmental factors, behavioral factors).
Key Constructs of Social Cognitive Theory
1) reinforcement: direct, vicarious, and self-reinforcement 2) Behavioral Capability: The knowledge and skills to 3) Expectations: results 4) Expectancies: The value that individuals place on an expected outcome 5) Self-regulation: ability to monitor behavior 6) Observational Learning 7) Self-efficacy
Four Ways to Develop Self-Efficacy
1) Personal Mastery of Task 2) Vicarious Experiences 3) Verbal Persuasion 4)emotional Arousal.
Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Basic Assumptions
Basic assumptions: Change… is a process not an event, unfolds over time through stages, is not continuous, can cycle in both desired and undesired directions, can still be set in motion without actual behavior change.
Core Constructs TTM (StuPiD SeT)
1) Stages of change 2) Processes of Change 3) Decisional Balance 4) Self-efficacy 5) Temptation
Stages of Change
Pre-contemplation, contemplation (action in next 6 months), Preparation (Change behavior in next 30 days), Action (Doing,,, but not changed yet 6 months), Maintenance (relapse prevention), Termination (Transformed). Use the staging process to see what stage a person is in.
Decision balance
Weighing pros and cons, key at pre C and Prep phase
Self-efficacy
Perceived confidence; low in pre, high in C
Consciousness raising
Learning new facts, ideas, and tips
Self-reevaluation
realizing the behavior is an important part of one’s identity
Helping relationship
social support for behavior changes
Social liberation
social norms are changing in the direction of supporting the behavior chane
How Can the socio-ecological Approach be used to select a theory for use?
Underlying Concept is that behavior has multiple levels of influence. Emphasizes the interaction between, and the interdependence of factors within and across all levels of a health problem. It helps us understand the specific level of influence, and which theory best works for that level.
7b. What is the underlying concept for the social cognitive theory?
Bandura; emphasis on the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior, but Individual expectations of consequences of behavior also determine behavior
7d. What is the underlying concept for the Theory of planned behavior?
Addresses the problem of incomplete volitional control, intention (separates it from TPB), includes attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norm, but it also has the theme of perceived behavioral control.
7e. What is the underlying concept of the Health belief model?
A value-expectancy theory. According o this class of theory, the tendency to perform a particular act is a function of the expectancy that the act will be followed by certain consequences.
Perceived Behavioral Control
refers to people’s perceptions of their ability to perform a given behavior. related to theory of planned behavior
Vicarious reinforcement
related social cognitive theory - states that people are reinforced by observing someone else being reinforced for behaving in a particular manner. “observational learning”
Behavioral Beliefs
- beliefs regarding the outcome of the behavior
Normative belief perceived ability to change behavior; Intention.
- the perceived belief and opinions of important people about behavior
Subjective norm
- perceived social pressure to participate or not participate in behavior
perceived control beliefs
perceived supports or barriers to behavior change
Perceived behavior control
perceived ability to change behavior
Intention
Readiness and intent to change behavior
