Chapter 4/5 Quiz Review

Question 1

Needs Assessment

Answer 1

A process of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing needs of a priority population (Provides objective data to: define important health problems, set priorities for program implementation, establish a baseline or evaluating program impact)

Question 2

Needs Assessment Process

Answer 2

1) Determine the purpose (goal) and scope of the needs assessment; 2) Gather Data 3) Analyze the Data 4) Identify risk factors. 5) Identify the program focus 6) Validating the prioritized need ( Confirm steps followed properly)

Question 3

Step 2: Gather Data

Answer 3

1) Relevant data- most applicable 2) Quantitative/Qualitative 3) Secondary data - already exists, limitations, cost, availability 4) Primary data to fill in data gaps; costs to create

Question 4

Step 3: Analyze the Data

Answer 4

Analyze informal vs. Formal; identify and prioritize the health problems

Question 5

Prioritization matrix

Answer 5

Important in step three (analyzing the data); used to evaluate if a program should be based on a happening in a priority population.

Question 6

Basic Priority Rating

Answer 6

BPR A,B,C,D (A-size); (B-seriousness of the problem) (C=Effectiveness of the possible interventions) (D= propriety, economics, acceptability, resources, and legality PEARL)

Question 7

Single-Step

Answer 7

Single contact Survey (written, electronic, face-to-face)

Question 8

Cross-Sectional Survey

Answer 8

point in time (written, electronic, face-to-face)

Question 9

Multi-step Survey (Delphi technique)

Answer 9

Series of mailed questionnaires that become more specific

based on responses

Question 10

Community forum (town hall meeting)

Answer 10

Moderated and recorded, members of priority population

can share thoughts

Question 11

Meetings

Answer 11

Smaller group than town hall

Question 12

Focus Group

Answer 12

Usually 8-12 people, more in-depth – feelings, perceptions,

beliefs, etc.

Question 13

Nominal Group Process

Answer 13

Structured process, 5-7 ‘experts’, responses are recorded

and prioritized

Question 14

Observation

Answer 14

Windshield / walk-through tour,

Question 15

Self-Assessments

Answer 15

Health risk, health status, lifestyle, wellness, health

behavior

Question 16

Levels of Measurement

Answer 16

NOIR (Nominal- categorical, Ordinal- categorical/rank ordered (Show sequence only), Interval- no absolute zero (Farenheit) , Ratio- scale (height, weight)

Question 17

Measurement

Answer 17

the process of assigning numbers or

labels to objects, events, or people, according to a particular set of rules

Question 18

Reliability

Answer 18

Consistency in the measurement process. Reliability produces the same result

Question 19

Validity

Answer 19

Measures what it is intended to measure

Question 20

Issues affecting quality of experimentation

Answer 20

bias, fairness, cultural background, correct instrumentation, sampling, sampling frame

Question 21

Pilot Study

Answer 21

A dress rehearsal. Used to try out processes of a study before it is conducted. Used to identify problems.

Question 22

What should programmers expect from a needs assessment?

Answer 22

1) logical place to start 2) helps assure appropriate programming resources 3) makes sure we look at the appropriate problem 4) capacity - resources that enable a community to take action 5) develop intervention to address problem

Question 23

What is the difference between primary and secondary data?

Answer 23

Secondary data already exists, primary data, you collect yourself- needs to be made to fill gaps

Question 24

sources of primary data

Answer 24

single step survey, multi-step survey, observation, focus group, nominal group process

Question 25

sources of secondary data

Answer 25

government agencies, non-government agencies, literature

Question 26

What are the six steps in the needs assessment process? What step is the most difficult to achieve?

Answer 26

1) Determining the purpose and scope of the needs assessment 2) gathering data 3) analyzing data (hardest) 4) Identifying risk factors 5) Identify the program focus 6) Validating the prioritized need.

Question 27

What is the HIA?

Answer 27

Health Impact Assessment: a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy or project or program may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population DESE democracy, equity, sustainable development, ethical use of evidence.

Question 28

What is bias in data collection? Name three ways it can be reduced

Answer 28

Bias are those data that have been distorted because of the way they have been collected; 1) unobtrusive observation 2) confidentiality 3) proper framing of questions.

Question 29

Ethical issues associated with measurement?

Answer 29

1) Informed consent/voluntary basis 2) Assuring confidentiality 3) Non-manipulation of data