Health and Social Care Section C Flashcards
Define the term “Cardiovascular Disease” ?
Cardiovascular disease, is a set of disorders relating to narrowing or blockage of blood vessels.
Identify 4 changes that will happen to the heart in a result of ageing ?
-Increase in size of the heart muscles, making it harder for them to fill with enough blood before blood is pumped out.
-Build up of cholesterol which narrows or blocks arteries, restricting the flow of blood through them.
-Thickening or stiffening of the heart valves which normally prevent back-flow of blood within the heart.
-Deterioration of the heart’s internal pacemaker leading to a more irregular heartbeat.
What are 2 health problems what CVD increase the risk of ?
-Hypertension [High blood pressure]
-Stroke
What is Hypertension ?
Hypertension is a long-term medical condition of high blood pressure.
What are 3 lifestyle choices that can increase the risk of CVD disease ?
-Excessive amounts of alcohol intake
-Smoking
-Poor diet such a being high in fat.
What does independence mean?
Independence is the ability that a person can make their own choices and carry out daily tasks, by and for, themselves.
What are 2 positive effects of developing CVD disease ?
-Choosing healthier lifestyle choices.
-Developing stronger relationships with family members.
What are 2 negative effects of developing CVD disease ?
-Anxiety
-Social Exclusion.
What are 4 health factors what can lead to the deterioration of CVD ?
-Being overweight or obese.
-Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Having a family history of poor CVD health [genetic link]
What is a neuron ?
A neuron is a type of nervous tissue in the nervous system that carries messages from one place to another
What are 2 negative effects of deterioration of the nervous system ?
-Poor short term memory.
- Deterioration of the senses.
How can a reduction in the number of neurons lead to a slower reaction time ?
A reduction in the number of these nerve cells leads to fewer messages getting to and from the brain and spinal cord. Leading to messages being slower and reaction times becoming slower.
What is Parkinson’s disease ?
Parkinson’s disease is a disease that causes a loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra in the brain, leading to mobility problems.
What are 2 physical effects of Parkinson’s disease ?
-Uncontrollable shaking known as “tremors”.
-Slowness and stiffness of movement.
-What are 2 Cognitive effects of Parkinson’s disease ?
-Slower thinking and reasoning abilities.
- Anxiety and Depression.
What changes in the brain leads to Parkinson’s disease ?
The area of the brain what is damaged in Parkinson’s is the substantia nigra. A decling in dopamine levels mean that less messages telling muscles to move to be sent, so the movement becomes more difficult.
What is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff as there is deterioration of the cartilage that covers the bone ends.
What are 2 physical effects of osteoarthritis on the body ?
-Pain in joints
-Stiffness
-Swelling
What are 2 ways in which osteoarthritis can be treated ?
-Exercise
-Painkillers
-Anti-inflammatory drugs
What does Degeneration mean?
Degeneration is the deterioration in the cells of a tissue or organ.
What are 3 ways in which taste is affected in old age?
-Fewer taste buds so food is less enjoyable which, can impact on the diet.
-Less saliva is produced meaning food is less enjoyable.
-Less able to smell so cannot recognise dangerous smells.
What are 3 changes to touch in old age ?
-Less sensitive to temperature, resulting in an increased likelihood of burns or hypothermia.
-Less sensitive to injury.
-Skin more susceptible to the sun so can burn more easily.
What does Cataract mean ?
A Cataract is when the lens changes and become less transparent in the eye, this stops light getting to the back of the eye.
What are 3 ways in which sight can deteriorate with age ?
-Peripheral vison declines.
-Pupils reaction time slows down.
-Vision begins to lack clarity.
