Health and Social Care Section C

Question 1

Define the term “Cardiovascular Disease” ?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease, is a set of disorders relating to narrowing or blockage of blood vessels.

Question 2

Identify 4 changes that will happen to the heart in a result of ageing ?

Answer 2

-Increase in size of the heart muscles, making it harder for them to fill with enough blood before blood is pumped out.

-Build up of cholesterol which narrows or blocks arteries, restricting the flow of blood through them.

-Thickening or stiffening of the heart valves which normally prevent back-flow of blood within the heart.

-Deterioration of the heart’s internal pacemaker leading to a more irregular heartbeat.

Question 3

What are 2 health problems what CVD increase the risk of ?

Answer 3

-Hypertension [High blood pressure]
-Stroke

Question 4

What is Hypertension ?

Answer 4

Hypertension is a long-term medical condition of high blood pressure.

Question 5

What are 3 lifestyle choices that can increase the risk of CVD disease ?

Answer 5

-Excessive amounts of alcohol intake
-Smoking
-Poor diet such a being high in fat.

Question 6

What does independence mean?

Answer 6

Independence is the ability that a person can make their own choices and carry out daily tasks, by and for, themselves.

Question 7

What are 2 positive effects of developing CVD disease ?

Answer 7

-Choosing healthier lifestyle choices.
-Developing stronger relationships with family members.

Question 8

What are 2 negative effects of developing CVD disease ?

Answer 8

-Anxiety
-Social Exclusion.

Question 9

What are 4 health factors what can lead to the deterioration of CVD ?

Answer 9

-Being overweight or obese.
-Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Having a family history of poor CVD health [genetic link]

Question 10

What is a neuron ?

Answer 10

A neuron is a type of nervous tissue in the nervous system that carries messages from one place to another

Question 11

What are 2 negative effects of deterioration of the nervous system ?

Answer 11

-Poor short term memory.
- Deterioration of the senses.

Question 12

How can a reduction in the number of neurons lead to a slower reaction time ?

Answer 12

A reduction in the number of these nerve cells leads to fewer messages getting to and from the brain and spinal cord. Leading to messages being slower and reaction times becoming slower.

Question 13

What is Parkinson’s disease ?

Answer 13

Parkinson’s disease is a disease that causes a loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra in the brain, leading to mobility problems.

Question 14

What are 2 physical effects of Parkinson’s disease ?

Answer 14

-Uncontrollable shaking known as “tremors”.

-Slowness and stiffness of movement.

Question 15

-What are 2 Cognitive effects of Parkinson’s disease ?

Answer 15

-Slower thinking and reasoning abilities.
- Anxiety and Depression.

Question 16

What changes in the brain leads to Parkinson’s disease ?

Answer 16

The area of the brain what is damaged in Parkinson’s is the substantia nigra. A decling in dopamine levels mean that less messages telling muscles to move to be sent, so the movement becomes more difficult.

Question 17

What is Osteoarthritis?

Answer 17

Osteoarthritis is a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff as there is deterioration of the cartilage that covers the bone ends.

Question 18

What are 2 physical effects of osteoarthritis on the body ?

Answer 18

-Pain in joints
-Stiffness
-Swelling

Question 19

What are 2 ways in which osteoarthritis can be treated ?

Answer 19

-Exercise
-Painkillers
-Anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 20

What does Degeneration mean?

Answer 20

Degeneration is the deterioration in the cells of a tissue or organ.

Question 21

What are 3 ways in which taste is affected in old age?

Answer 21

-Fewer taste buds so food is less enjoyable which, can impact on the diet.

-Less saliva is produced meaning food is less enjoyable.

-Less able to smell so cannot recognise dangerous smells.

Question 22

What are 3 changes to touch in old age ?

Answer 22

-Less sensitive to temperature, resulting in an increased likelihood of burns or hypothermia.

-Less sensitive to injury.

-Skin more susceptible to the sun so can burn more easily.

Question 23

What does Cataract mean ?

Answer 23

A Cataract is when the lens changes and become less transparent in the eye, this stops light getting to the back of the eye.

Question 24

What are 3 ways in which sight can deteriorate with age ?

Answer 24

-Peripheral vison declines.
-Pupils reaction time slows down.
-Vision begins to lack clarity.

Question 25

What are 3 ways that hearing can deteriorate with age ?

Answer 25

• Capacity of high-pitched sounds decline.

-Build up of wax in the outer ear hinder hearing as sound transmission is blocked.

-Problems with balance can occur as a result of the fluid build-up in the inner ear.

Question 26

What does Malnutrition mean ?

Answer 26

Malnutrition is a serious condition which develops when a person is not receiving the correct nutrients in their diet.

Question 27

What are 2 reasons why their a reduction in absorption of nutrients in old age ?

Answer 27

-The body becomes less effective at absorbing nutrients during later adulthood.

-Teeth become brittle, making it more difficult to chem on food.

-The taste of food may change, causing individuals to eat less.

Question 28

What are the effects of deficiencies of Vitamin D, Calcium and Iron ?

Answer 28

Vitamin D-
-Higher risk of diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer.
-The body is less able to absorb calcium.

Iron-
-Higher chance of anemia.

Calcium-
-Higher risk of osteoporosis.
-Bones are easily fractured.

Question 29

What is Dementia ?

Answer 29

Dementia is a set of symptoms that includes memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language.

Question 30

What causes Dementia ?

Answer 30

-Stroke
-Smoking
-Unhealthy diet
-Lack of exercise

Question 31

What are the effect of Dementia to the body ?

Answer 31

-Communication problems.
-Confusion carrying out daily tasks.
-Short-term memory loss.

Question 32

What is Alzheimer’s disease ?

Answer 32

Alzheimer’s is the most common cause of Dementia. It’s a physical disease that affects the brain and causes an abnormal buildup of proteins.

Question 33

What are 3 symptoms of the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease ?

Answer 33

-Struggling with simple day-to-day tasks.
-Reduction in short-term memory.
-Difficulty with problem-solving.

Question 34

What are the support needs for someone with Alzheimer’s ?

Answer 34

-Extra family support.
-Medication
-Attend memory clinic
-Specialist nurse home visits
-Residential care

Question 35

What are 4 symptoms associated with the later stages in Alzheimer disease ?

Answer 35

-Very poor judgement.
-Increased susceptibility to infections.
-Difficulty swallowing.
-Loss of ability to communicate using words.

Question 36

How can respite care be used to support someone in their later stages of Alzheimer’s disease ?

Answer 36

-Respite can provide caregivers a temporary break from caring for the individual, helping improve the carers emotional and physical health and wellbeing.

-It can provide a safe place for people with Alzheimer’s who can’t live independently.

Question 37

What are the symptoms of the final stages of Alzheimer’s disease ?

Answer 37

-Day/night reversal of sleep patterns.
-Unable to communicate.
-Unable to swallow.
-Needs help with activities of day-to-day living 24 hours a day.

Question 38

What are 4 physical effects of ageing ?

Answer 38

-Loss of mobility.
- The body is less able to fight infection.
-Decline of senses- hearing loss, deterioration of eye sight, loss of taste.
-Loss of elasticity in the skin.
-Loss of muscle mass