Health and Safety Flashcards
What are the salient points of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974?
- Duty of care of employer to ensure health, safety, and welfare.
- regularly review risk assessments.
- Must report injuries and dangerous occurrences
- Policed by Health and Safety Executive (HSE) – criminal law.
How do you follow RICS Surveying Safely 2nd edition (2018) Professional Standard
- ensure safe person principle
- consider others
- ensure to undertake risk assessments
What are the salient points of RICS Surveying Safely 2nd edition (2018) Professional Standard?
- Good practice principals for the management of health and safety for RICS-regulated firms and RICS members
- Principles for those engaged in the** built environment** as property professionals and includes health and safety responsibilities:
At a corporate level or at the level of the individual RICS member
What PPE would you take on inspections?
- Hard hat – different colours mean different things
- Hi-vis jacket
- Respiratory protection
- Eye and ear protection
- Hair nets
- Foot protection
- Gloves
what is your company’s lone working policy?
- Undertake risk assessment and dynamic risk assessments
- Schedule lone working on Outlook calendar, include site address, time and contact numbers
- Assign buddy / someone to be responsible for monitoring the lone worker.
- Ensure they have completed CBRE Lone Worker training
- Carry charged mobile phone
- Report any incidents when lone working
- confirm when back
What is the structure of RICS Surveying Safely 2nd edition (2018) Professional Standard?
- P - Personal Responsibilities
- A - Assessing hazards and risks (including risk assessments)
- W - Workplace health and safety
- O - Occupational hygiene and health
- V - Visiting premises and sites
- F - Fire safety
- R – Residential property surveying
- P - Procurement and management of contractors
Safe person – individual who assumes behavioral responsibility for their own and their colleagues h&s while at work.
What is the Fire Safety Act 2021?
Following the Hackitt Review, reforms the Fire Safety Order 2005.
* Regular inspections of lifts to be reported to fire service.
* Evacuation plans regularly updated and for disabled people.
* Ensuring residents are provided with an evacuation plan.
* Responsible person appointed who ensures risk is reduced.
* Ensure flat doors comply where external walls unsafe cladding.
* RICS Guidance Note: Valuation of Properties in multi-storey, multi- occupancy residential buildings with cladding 2022.
What is the guidance on cladding for resi properties?
RICS Professional Standard: Valuation of Properties in multi-storey, multi- occupancy residential buildings with cladding 2021.
To support valuers undertaking valuations for secured lending purposes on domestic residential blocks of flats in the UK.
When do need to undertake a risk assessment?
A legal requirement if there is more than 5 staff members.
How to undertake a risk assessment?
I – Identify hazards and people at risk.
E – Evaluate the risk.
R – Record findings.
R – Review regularly.
A – Advise all affected the outcome and methods to minimise risk.
What is the guidance on a dual stair core?
- Michael Gove announced in July that all new residential blocks over 18m or 7 storeys will need to have two stair cores.
- Mandatory from December 2023 – applications prior are still eligible.
What are External Wall Systems (EWS) forms for?
- Following the Grenfell tragedy, many tall resi buildings have unsafe EWS
- EWS1 confirms building has been assessed for safety.
What is a risk?
Risk is the likelihood (whether high or low) of the harm (e.g. risk of falling on wet floor).
What is a hazard?
A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm to someone (e.g. wet floor)
For a firm with more than 5 employees, a Health and Safety Policy Document should be issued. What 4 points must it contain?
- Policy setting out the organisation’s commitment to H&S
- Details of the organisations H&S structure, with roles and responsibilities.
- A risk assessment and preventative measures in place
- Details of the planning, implementation of the H&S policy and control measures.
Name the 5 levels of hierarchy risk control.
To reduce risk, the measures are below:
1. PPE: if you cannot remove risk, then wear PPE.
2. Elimination: redesign activity to remove the hazard
3. Engineering Controls: use equipment such as ventilation to remove fumes.
4. Administrative Controls: identify and implement procedures such as lone working policy
5. Substitution: e.g. replace materials with less harmful ones
What is a dynamic risk assessment?
- Changing risks and hazards can occur on the day.
- It requires worker to continually re-evaluate the work, environment and themselves for risk.
What types of risk might require their own specific risk assessment?
- Fire safety
- Substances and chemicals
- Asbestos,
- Lifting equipment and machinery.
What are basic emergency preparations in a building?
- Detection (heat, smoke, carbon monoxide)
- Extinguishers
- Alarms
- Emergency lighting
- Evacuation procedures
Name some hazardous substances
- Asbestos,
- dusts and spores from mould.
- lead paint dusts,
- cleaning products such as bleach,
- pesticides,
What must a surveyor do before visiting a site?
- Risk assessment
- Check PPE requirements
- Contact site manager
Tell me some considerations when inspecting a site?
- Lone working
- Condition of a property – unsafe, derelict, security, site rules, PPE.
- Be aware of rotten columns, broken glass.
- Occupation – is site occupied, who will you meet on the premises.
- Be aware of squatters or aggressive tenants.
- Roof – can roof be inspected from elsewhere rather than going onto the roof.
- Dangerous substances – asbestos, chemicals
What should be considered when lone working?
- Travel arrangements
- Does your manager/firm have your mobile number.
- How will you communicate in an emergency
- Does someone have a record of where you are and what time expected back
What is CDM?
- Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015
- Main set of regulations for managing the health, safety and welfare of construction projects.
When appointing a contractor, what must you ensure?
- They are competent
- Member of a professional body
- Adequate insurance (employer liability insurance, contractor’s all risk insurance, public liability insurance and PII)
What does PPE at Work Regulations 2022 state?
- Employer duty to ensure provision of appropriate PPE (both employees and contractors).
What is purpose of the ‘Six Pack’ of H&S Regulations?
- Six Regulations introduced on 1st January 1993, known as the ‘Six Pack’, predominantly covering H&S guidance.
- They implement European Directives on H&S and how employers must comply with duties under H&S at Work Act 197.
What are the ‘Six Pack’ of H&S regulations?
The 6 regulations are:
1. Management of Health and Safety at Work
2. Display Screen Equipment
3. Manual Handling Operations
4. Personal Protective Equipment at Work
5. Provision and Use of Work Equipment
6. Workplace Health, Safety and Welfare.
What is RIDDOR 1995?
- Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)
What does the ‘Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)’ state?
- Trigger date for reporting injuries is over 7 days incapacitation.
- Injury must be reported to HSE within 15 days from the accident.
- All employers must keep a record of all 3-day plus injuries.
- Information must be kept in an accident book, for minimum of 3 years
Who is responsible for H&S at CBRE?
- Global Workplace Safety Team
- Chris Kirkwood (EMEA UK – Director)
What do S2 say in H&S at Work Act?
Duty Employer to Employees
*It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, the health, safety and welfare at work of all his employees.
What do S3 say in H&S at Work Act?
Duty to non-employees
What do S4 say in H&S at Work Act?
Duty of person in control of premises - outlines the duties of organisations to keep premises they own safe. The Act states, “Any person who has, to any extent control of…
Work premises
The means of access or egress
Any plant or substance in such premises
…has a duty to take all reasonable measures to ensure that all are safe and without risks to the health of both employees and non-employees.
What do S7 say in H&S at Work Act?
Duty of Employees to employer - very employee has the following two duties while at work:
To take reasonable care for the health and safety of himself and of other persons who may be affected by his work
To co-operate with his employer so far as is necessary to enable the employer to comply with his own duties.
What was Hackitt Review (2018)
-About Building regulations and fire safety relating to high-rise residential buildings, regarding design, construction and management
Why were EWS1 forms brought in?
Following Grenfell fire, many tall residential buildings external wall systems have been found to be unsafe.
What type of building can have a EWS1 form?
Residential properties of any height including block of flats:
- student accommodation,
- assisted living and care homes,
- houses in multiple occupation (HMO) and
- mixed blocks where there is residential component.
- NOT hotels
What does EWS1 form entail?
- A qualified professional
confimas a building is EWS is safe in accordance with guidlines
The criteria considered: - Height of the building
- Type of cladding (how much of it there is on the building)
- Presence of balconies and combustible material
How long are EWS1 forms valid?
Valid for an entire building for 5 years.
You are a valuer, how do you decide if a building needs an EWS1 form?
- Valuer must follow instructions given by their lender clients and have a rationale to justify the request for the EWS1 form.
- Interactive decision tree is available from RICS website to understand when an EWS1 form is required.
What is the Building Safety Act 2022?
- Enhance regulations for building safety.
- Implements the Hackitt Review for high-rise buildings.
What is the aim of the Building safety Act 2022?
It aims to strengthen:
* Accountability for those responsible for safety of high-rise buildings during construction and occupation.
* Residents ability to contribute to maintaining safety.
deter non-compliance
* A national framework to ensure the suitability of construction products.
* Act introduces a new Building Safety Regulator. They are required to:
A. Secure safety of people
B. Improving the standard of buildings.
The use of combustible building materials over what height has been banned?
- 18m tall residential buildings
- Banned since Sept 2018.
- Developers required to fund unsafe cladding removal.
Define ‘higher risk’ buildings.
- Buildings 18m or higher, OR , Seven or more storeys.
- Contain 2 residential units or more.
- Care homes and hospitals included in the definition.
What is IFSS?
- International Fire Safety Standards.
- Support RICS
- Globally consistent, high-level principles for fire safety in design, construction and management.
What is Asbestos?
- Naturally occurring rock mineral that has heat- and fire-resisting properties.
- It has been used extensively as an insulating material.
Where is Asbestos found in a building?
- Asbestos insulation – to pipes or boilers.
- Asbestos coating – surface coating for fire protection, and sound insulation.
- Asbestos cement – 10% to 15% asbestos conent, used in drainpipes, flat sheets, gutters.
If asbestos is left undamaged/undisturbed, does it pose risk to health?
No
What is the risk of Asbestos?
Can cause lung-related disorders and other disorders when the small toxic fibres are inhaled
What are the types of Asbestos?
3 main types:
1. Crocidolite (blue asbestos)
2. Amosite (brown asbestos)
3. Chrysotile (white asbestos)
There are 6 types of asbestos in total, only 3 RICS focus on.
When was asbestos most commonly used?
- Predominately peak period of production during the 1960s and 1970s.
- Use prohibited in Great Britain in 1999 and in Northern Ireland in 2000
Is asbestos illegal?
Yes – white 1999, all others 1985.
What Regulation was brought in to reduce asbestos use?
The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012.
(non-compliance is a criminal offence).
What is stated in the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012?
Obligations for Duty Holder and Employer.
- legal duty to manage asbestos i.e. asbestos management plan.
- identify the presence of asbestos - i.e. conduct asbestos register.
- assessment of work that exposes employedxzyyes to asbestos
- Reg 8 – licensing of work with asbestos.
- Reg 14 – Provision of protective clothing
- Reg 24 – storage, distribution of asbestos/asbestos waste.
Who is the Duty Holder?
Owner of the premises if vacant or a tenant if a repairing lease.
How should asbestos in a building be managed?
- Duty holder must assess where asbestos is, and
- what condition it is in.
- If in doubt, assume materials contain asbestos.
- Assess the risk and procure asbestos management plan.
- Produce asbestos register - identifies the locations and condition
- Make register available to all relevant parties who might disturb it.
- Review the register regularly (HSE recommend 6 monthly)
What RICS documents concerns asbestos?
- RICS Professional Standard on ‘Asbestos’ – 4th edn, 2021.
other asbestos docs?
- RICS Guidance Note on ‘Asbestos: Legal Requirements and Best Practice for Property Professionals and Client’
- Includes overview of law and best practice.
- How to commission asbestos survey
- Suggested contents of asbestos management plan.
Chrysotile
What are the two types of asbestos survey?
- Management Survey
- Refurbishment/Demolition Survey
What is a management survey?
Locate,
assess,
advise of management during occupation and use of premises.
Materials are not sampled.
What is a Refurbishment/Demolition Survey
- Required when premises needs upgrading/refurb/demolition.
- Samples of materials suspected to contain asbestos are sampled.
- Recommendations made regarding the management of them.
Do newly constructed buildings require architect certificate to confirm there is no asbestos?
Yes
If you observed asbestos in an inspection, what would you do?
- If, during the inspection, they notice a thinkis poses a risk, inform the person in control of the premises
- and advise them on the emergency measures required and who to contact to obtain **specialist advice. **
- If at risk, stop working in the building, inform manager, and inform owner of building. Remind owner of The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 – legal duty to manage the asbestos. Produce asbestos management plan, asbestos register. Seek specialist advice regarding asbestos.
What is included in an asbestos management plan?
- Who is responsible for managing asbestos;
- the asbestos register you have just made;
- plans for work on asbestos materials;
- the schedule for monitoring the materials’ condition; and
- telling people about your decisions.
What does RAAC stand for?
Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (RAAC)
What is RAAC?
- A lightweight form of pre-cast steel reinforced concrete
- Commonly utilised for the construction of walls, and floor construction, primarily in public sector buildings, such as schools and offices.
Deleterious material
What should you do if you suspect RAAC in an inspection?
RICS advice:
* ‘If you are unsure use a qualified professional
* Regular Planned Preventative Maintenance (PPM) surveys should assist in identifying and managing potentially defective materials’.
How to spot RAAC in a building?
RAAC was used between 1950 and 1990 - date the construction of a building.
Similar to concrete but characteristics include:
- RAAC tends to be light grey or** off-white** in colour.
- Panels are rectangular, typically with a chamfered edge.
- Surface of the panels may appear ‘bubbly’.
What are indicators of RAAC failure?
It only has a lifespan of 30 years, so risk it can fail. Indicators of failure include:
- Significant cracking of the plank soffits near the support ends.
- Deflection in excess of 1/100 of the span, or a consistent number of planks have deflection approaching this tolerance.
- Concrete planks varying from the usual measurements and appearance of RAAC, as detailed above.
- Standing water to the flat roof.
- Known historic or active water ingress to the roof.
- Recent roof replacement works or increases in dead load to the building and/or roofs.
What are the three issues with RAAC? (1)
- Deflection of RAAC is approximately ten times that for an equivalent concrete plank.
This can lead to water ponding on flat roofs which can both increase the loads on the roof structure and represent a source of water ingress.
What are the three issues with RAAC? (2)
- more susceptible to corrosion of the steel reinforcement within the planks and also to have a lower compressive strength
What are the three issues with RAAC? (3)
- Thermal effects can contribute to the deterioration of RAAC
Does RAAC pose a health risk?
The concerns about RAAC are solely linked to its durability and structural performance. There is no evidence to suggest it poses any other health risk.
RAAC and Asbestos
You may have heard some reports linking RAAC to asbestos. This is because some buildings built with RAAC were built at a time when asbestos was still legal to use, but there is no link between RAAC and asbestos.
Can RAAC float?
Yes
Who is responsible for H&S at CBRE?
Global Workplace Safety Team
What is CDM 2015?
Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2015
Is it a criminal offence to breach CDM?
- Yes, it is criminal offence.
- Policed by Health and Safety Executive (HSE) who can prosecute and issue fines.
- HSE can issue Improvement and Prohibition Notices when breached.
What is the purpose of CDM 2015?
It aims to improve the management and co-ordination of H&S at all stages of a construction project.
H&S during the design and management of all commercial building projects (including resi development and refurb) for notifiable and non-notifiable work.
Name some Statutory obligations of commercial property owner
- Asbestos management
- Contamination
- Equality Act compliance
- EPC
- Fire Safety
- Health and Safety
- Occupiers liability
- PAT testing (portable electronic equipment)
- Waste management
What is the main principal of surveying safely?
Safe person principle that we all have to take responsibility for our own safety and others when on the inspection.
other points of surveying safely
- A safe working environment
- Safe work equipment
- Safe systems of work
- Competent staff
- RICS considers the concept of a ‘safe person’ to mean in individual assumes individual behavioural responsibility for their own, their colleagues and others’ health and safety while at work
- It seeks to ensure that individuals accept responsibility for their own actions and they have the tools to do their job safely
- Legal considerations and duties for employers and employees to include advice on asbestos
- Advice on health, well-being and mental health
- How to address fire safety
further surveying safely
- Assessing hazard and risks (to include risk assessments, H&S policy etc)
- Property professionals’ place of woek (to include emergency arrangements and building services)
- Occupational health (to include stress and bullying)
- Procurement and management of construction work (to include CDM Regulations)
- Precautions relating to potential hazards/risk assessments – refer to your own firms specific requirements
- Visiting premises and sites (to include travel arrangement, lone working, PPE etc)
- Tell someone where you are going when you leave the building and the site
- Wear appropriate protective clothing when appropriate such as hi vis jackets, protective footwear, hard hat, protective goggles, gloves and ear defenders
- Sign in and out of a building or construction site and receive a side induction. Do not just enter the site and wear suitable PPE
- Consider whether it is safe to inspect alone and observe the special lone policy arrangements
- Check dated tag if going on scaffolding
- Wear non-slip sole shoes/boots when going up a ladder
- Emphasis is placed on Members having correct operational practices in place
Key asbestos regulation
The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
RICS asbestos regulation
It sets out best practise for property professionals to comply with the law and includes:
- Details of common asbestos-containing materials
- How to commission an asbestos survey
- Suggested contents of an asbestos management plan
How do ensure personal safety on an inspection
- Take a fully charged mobile phone with you.
- Don’t lock doors behind you.
- Plan your escape route
- Implement a call back system with your office;
- Make your daily work schedule available to others so that they can trace your steps.
- Park your car close by and ensure you cannot be boxed in
- Do not try to move any heavy equipment.
- Ensure the person who greets you is the person you expected to meet.
- Follow your instinct. If you feel threatened or uncomfortable make an excuse and leave and return with a colleague at another time.
Name some deleterious materials
- Reinforced Autoclaved Aaerated Concrete (RAAC)
- High alumina cement
- calcium chloride
Who is responsible for PPE
Employer and extends to clients
How did you ascertain appropriate PPE?
Considered the site myself and assessed potential dangers, as per my firms H&S policy, this did not require a formal risk assessment but instead to remain pragmatic.
I spoke to the property manager to ascertain the property and potential risks and hazards, and to advise on appropriate PPE.
What is a deleterious/hazardous material?
Deleterious - materials which are capable of causing damage or harm to the individual, the environment or to buildings and infrastructure.
Hazardous material – a hazardous material that can cause harm to health
What was included in your desktop risk assessment?
- Identify the hazards - defects of building, fire safety, contamination, security, is PPE required, lone working
- Decide who might be harmed/how - myself and supervisor or site manager
- Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions – look at likelihood and severity of risk
- Record findings and implement them
- Review assessment and update if necessary
- Advise those affected on the outcome of the assessment
why did you document name and contact of site lead?
- To contact them if needed
- to ensure they are who they say they are
- I can provide my line manager with it in I cannot be reached
How did you ensure lone worker policy on your inspection?
- took a charged phone
- Schedule lone working on Outlook calendar, include site address, time and contact numbers
- assigned responsible monitoring
- completed CBRE training
- report incidents
What do EWS1 forms consider?
Height
Cladding
Presence of Balconies/Combustible Material.
Valid for 5 years.
Decision tree on RICS website.
Balconies vertically above each other - bad
ACM – Aluminium composite material cladding
MCM – Metal Composite Material
PPE at Work Regulations 2022
- Employers duty to ensure provision of PPE for employees and contractors
Amosite
Crocidolite
Examples of hazardous materials
- Asbestos
- Lead – lead paint and pipes – can cause learning disability
5 steps to take in relation to asbestos
- Duty holder assess whether the premises contain asbestos
- if so where and what condition - Assess risk and produce and asbestos management plan - is encapsulation/removal needed?
- Produce an asbestos register
- Make register available to all relevant parties who might disturb it
- review every 6 months
Key Asbestos regulation if unsure?
- The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
- RICS Professional Standard - Asbestos 2021
