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Gross Anatomy I > Head Digestive > Flashcards

Head Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oral cavity located?

A

Extends between the lips and oropharynx

Caudally communicates with the oropharynx

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2
Q

What is the oral fissure (rima oris)?

A

Opening between the upper and lower lips, entrance to the oral cavity

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3
Q

What is the angle of the mouth (commisures)?

A

Unites the upper and lower lips on each side

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4
Q

What are the accessory organs of the oral cavity?

A

Tongue

Teeth

Salivary glands

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5
Q

What is(are) vestibule(s)?

A

Labial vestibule
Space between the teeth and the lips

Buccal vestibule
Space between the teeth and the cheeks

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6
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

Space between the dental arcades

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7
Q

What are the borders of the oral cavity proper?

A 
**Dorsal** 
Hard palate (soft palate - rostral, small part)

Ventral
Tongue
Floor of the oral cavity

Lateral and Rostral
Dentral arcades

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8
Q

Where is the hard palate (palatum durum) located?

A

rostral to the soft palate

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9
Q

What is number 1?

A

Palatine process of he incisive bone

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10
Q

What is number 2?

A

Palatine process of the maxilla

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11
Q

What is number 3?

A

Horizontal plate of the palantine bone

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12
Q

What are the transverse ridges (rugae palatine)?

A

oral side are crossed by 8-10 ridges of the hard palate

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13
Q

What is the median palatine raphe?

A

divides the hard palate into two symmetrical halves

indistinct in dogs

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14
Q

What is the incisive papilla?

A

Located just caudal to the upper central incisor teeth

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15
Q

What is the incisive duct?

A

opens on each side of the incisive papilla

leads to the nasal cavity and to the vomeronasal organ

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16
Q

Describe the Vomeronasal organ.

A

located at the base of the nasal septum

olfactory receptors for sexual stimuli

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17
Q

Describe the soft palate (palatum molle).

A

Continues caudally from the hard palate to the intrapharyngeal opening

Dorsal surface is covered by respiratory mucosa

Ventral surface is covered by oral mucosa, which forms many longitudinal folds and some large transverse folds.

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18
Q

What muscles form the soft palate?

A

Palatine muscles - shortens the soft palate

Tensor veli palatini - tenses the soft palate

Levator veli palatini - raises the soft palate

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19
Q

What Arteries supply the palate?

A

Minor palatine artery
Direct branch from the maxillary artery
Passes caudal to the hard palate and is distributed to the soft and hard palates

Descending palatine artery - direct branch from the maxillary artery

  • Major Palatine artery
    Caudal palatine foramen -> palatine canal -> major & minor palatine foramen -> hard palate
  • Sphenopaltine artery
    Sphenopalatine foramen -> interior nasal cavity
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20
Q

What is number 1?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

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21
Q

What is number 2?

A

Descending palatine artery

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22
Q

What is number 3?

A

Minor palatine artery

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23
Q

What is number 4?

A

Major palatine artery

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24
Q

What is number 5?

A

Major palatine artery

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25
Describe the minor palatine nerve
Branch of the Pterygopalatine nerve of the Maxillary nerve Sensory supply to the soft palate
26
Describe the Major Palatine nerve.
Branch of the Pterygopalatine nerve of the Maxillary nerve Passing through the palatine canal Sensory supply to the mucosa of the hard palate
27
Describe the Glossopharyngeal nerve (major sensory) and Vagus nerve (major motor)
Supply the pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles
28
Describe the Mandibular nerve.
Branch of the Trigeminal nerve Innervated the tensor veli palatini muscle
29
Generally describe the tongue.
Fills the oral cavity proper and extends into the oropharynx Suppored caudally by the hypid bone
30
What does the tongue (Lingua, Glossa) consist of?
- striated skeletal muscle - connective tissue - adipose tissue - mucous membrane - receptors for taste, pain, and temperature
31
What are the functions of the tongue (Lingua, Glossa)?
- manipulating the food within the mouth - lapping water - swallowing - enhace heat lose by panting in dogs
32
Describe the dorsal surface of the tongue (dorsum linguae).
Opposite the palate Lingual mucosa thick, heavily cornified Median groove - divides the dorsum into two symmetrical halves
33
Describe the ventral surface of the tongue (facies ventralis linguae).
Lingual mucosa less cornified
34
What are the four parts of the tongue?
Apex (apex lingue) Lyssa Body Root
35
Describe the Apex (apex lingue) part of the tongue.
Rostral portion Dorsal and ventral surface
36
Describe the Lyssa part of the tongue.
Median filiform structure Embedded in the musculature along the ventral surface of the apex Encapsulated by dense sheath of connective tissue, whihc is filled by adipose tissue, striated muscle, cartilage (small amount)
37
Describe the body of the tongue.
Caudal to the apex Lies in the intermandibular space **Frenulum** (median fold) - connects the bod to the floor of the oral cavity
38
Describe the root of the tongue.
Caudal to the body Seperated from the body by the vallate papillae Lies in the intermandibular space
39
Describe the Lingual mucosa?
The epithelium forms numerous papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue They are named based on their shapte Based on their function there are two groups of papillae
40
Describe Mechanical papillae
More numerous than the gustatory papillae Protecting the deeper structures from injury - Filiform papillae - Conical papillae
41
Describe Gustatory papillae.
Contains taste buds. - Fungiform papillae - Vallate papillae - Foliate papillae
42
Describe the Filiform papillae.
Smallest and most numerous papillae Directed caudally, arranged in diagonal rows On the root of the tongue they are reducted in number Absent on the later and ventral surface
43
Describe the Conical papillae.
Larger, less frequent Located on the dorsum of the caudal third of the tongue Wide circular base, hard point apex
44
Describe the Fungiform papillae
Contains taste buds Less numerous than filiform papillae Found on the rostral two thrids of the tongue, among the filiform papillae
45
Describe the Vallate papillae.
Contains taste buds 2-3 pairs (most commonly four) Located on the caudal third of the dorsum of the tongue Located on both sides of the median groove Arranged in the form of a "V" The point of the "V" is always directed caudally Surrouunded by a circular cleft (old name - circumvallate papillae) Do not project above the surface of the tongue
46
Describe the Foliate papillae.
Located on the dorsolateral aspect of the caudal third of the tongue, just rostral to the palatoglossal fold Contains taste buds only in dogs Not very distinct in dog
47
What is number 1?
Apex
48
What is number 2?
Body
49
What is number 3?
Root
50
What is number 4?
Median groove
51
What is number 5?
Vallate papilla
52
What is number 6?
Fungiform papilla
53
What is number 7?
Palatoglossal fold
54
What is number 8?
Palatine tonsil in tonsillar fossa
55
What is number 9?
Epiglottis
56
What is number 10?
Frenulum
57
Describe the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.
Not attached to the hyoid apparatus Contains - Superficial longitudinal fibers - Perpendicular fibers - Transverse fibers - Deep longitudinal fibers Action - Ass a unit protrude the tongue - Intricate local movement - Prevent the tongue from being bitten
58
Describe the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
Osseous origin and radiate into the tongue The first part of the name indicates the bone they originate from The second part of the name is the Greek name of the tongue Styloglossus Hyoglossus Genioglossus
59
Describe the Styloglossus.
Most lateral extrinsic muscle **Origin** - Stylohyoid bone Enters the tongue caudally and runs rostrally in the lateral part **Insertion** - middle portion of the tongue **Action** - shortens the tongue, elecates its apex, and pulls the middle portion of the tongue laterally
60
Describe the Hyoglossus.
Located medial to the styloglossus muscle Passes between the Lingual artery (deep), and the Hypoglossal nerve (superficial) **Origin** - Bassihyoid bone **Insertion** - caudal two third of the tongue **Action** - retracts and depresses the tongue.
61
Describe the Genioglossus.
Most medial extrinsic muscle Fan-shapped muscle **Origin** - mandibular symphysis **Insertion** - ventral surface of the tongue **Action** - draws the tongue rostrally and ventrally.
62
What is number 1?
Genioglossus
63
What is number 2?
Hyoglossus
64
What is number 3?
Styloglossus
65
Describe the afterial blood supply of the tongue.
**Lingual artery** - direct branch from the external carotid artery **Sublingual artery** - direct branch from the facial artery
66
Describe the branching of the veins from the tongue.

Gross Anatomy I (18 decks)

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