Head Digestive Flashcards
Where is the oral cavity located?
Extends between the lips and oropharynx
Caudally communicates with the oropharynx
What is the oral fissure (rima oris)?
Opening between the upper and lower lips, entrance to the oral cavity
What is the angle of the mouth (commisures)?
Unites the upper and lower lips on each side
What are the accessory organs of the oral cavity?
Tongue
Teeth
Salivary glands
What is(are) vestibule(s)?
Labial vestibule
Space between the teeth and the lips
Buccal vestibule
Space between the teeth and the cheeks
What is the oral cavity proper?
Space between the dental arcades
What are the borders of the oral cavity proper?
**Dorsal** Hard palate (soft palate - rostral, small part)
Ventral
Tongue
Floor of the oral cavity
Lateral and Rostral
Dentral arcades
Where is the hard palate (palatum durum) located?
rostral to the soft palate
What is number 1?
Palatine process of he incisive bone
What is number 2?
Palatine process of the maxilla
What is number 3?
Horizontal plate of the palantine bone
What are the transverse ridges (rugae palatine)?
oral side are crossed by 8-10 ridges of the hard palate
What is the median palatine raphe?
divides the hard palate into two symmetrical halves
indistinct in dogs
What is the incisive papilla?
Located just caudal to the upper central incisor teeth
What is the incisive duct?
opens on each side of the incisive papilla
leads to the nasal cavity and to the vomeronasal organ
Describe the Vomeronasal organ.
located at the base of the nasal septum
olfactory receptors for sexual stimuli
Describe the soft palate (palatum molle).
Continues caudally from the hard palate to the intrapharyngeal opening
Dorsal surface is covered by respiratory mucosa
Ventral surface is covered by oral mucosa, which forms many longitudinal folds and some large transverse folds.
What muscles form the soft palate?
Palatine muscles - shortens the soft palate
Tensor veli palatini - tenses the soft palate
Levator veli palatini - raises the soft palate
What Arteries supply the palate?
Minor palatine artery
Direct branch from the maxillary artery
Passes caudal to the hard palate and is distributed to the soft and hard palates
Descending palatine artery - direct branch from the maxillary artery
- Major Palatine artery
Caudal palatine foramen -> palatine canal -> major & minor palatine foramen -> hard palate - Sphenopaltine artery
Sphenopalatine foramen -> interior nasal cavity
What is number 1?
Sphenopalatine artery
What is number 2?
Descending palatine artery
What is number 3?
Minor palatine artery
What is number 4?
Major palatine artery
What is number 5?
Major palatine artery
Describe the minor palatine nerve
Branch of the Pterygopalatine nerve of the Maxillary nerve
Sensory supply to the soft palate
Describe the Major Palatine nerve.
Branch of the Pterygopalatine nerve of the Maxillary nerve
Passing through the palatine canal
Sensory supply to the mucosa of the hard palate
Describe the Glossopharyngeal nerve (major sensory) and Vagus nerve (major motor)
Supply the pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles
Describe the Mandibular nerve.
Branch of the Trigeminal nerve
Innervated the tensor veli palatini muscle
Generally describe the tongue.
Fills the oral cavity proper and extends into the oropharynx
Suppored caudally by the hypid bone
What does the tongue (Lingua, Glossa) consist of?
- striated skeletal muscle
- connective tissue
- adipose tissue
- mucous membrane
- receptors for taste, pain, and temperature
What are the functions of the tongue (Lingua, Glossa)?
- manipulating the food within the mouth
- lapping water
- swallowing
- enhace heat lose by panting in dogs
Describe the dorsal surface of the tongue (dorsum linguae).
Opposite the palate
Lingual mucosa thick, heavily cornified
Median groove - divides the dorsum into two symmetrical halves
Describe the ventral surface of the tongue (facies ventralis linguae).
Lingual mucosa less cornified
What are the four parts of the tongue?
Apex (apex lingue)
Lyssa
Body
Root
Describe the Apex (apex lingue) part of the tongue.
Rostral portion
Dorsal and ventral surface
Describe the Lyssa part of the tongue.
Median filiform structure
Embedded in the musculature along the ventral surface of the apex
Encapsulated by dense sheath of connective tissue, whihc is filled by adipose tissue, striated muscle, cartilage (small amount)
Describe the body of the tongue.
Caudal to the apex
Lies in the intermandibular space
Frenulum (median fold) - connects the bod to the floor of the oral cavity
Describe the root of the tongue.
Caudal to the body
Seperated from the body by the vallate papillae
Lies in the intermandibular space
Describe the Lingual mucosa?
The epithelium forms numerous papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue
They are named based on their shapte
Based on their function there are two groups of papillae
Describe Mechanical papillae
More numerous than the gustatory papillae
Protecting the deeper structures from injury
- Filiform papillae
- Conical papillae
Describe Gustatory papillae.
Contains taste buds.
- Fungiform papillae
- Vallate papillae
- Foliate papillae
Describe the Filiform papillae.
Smallest and most numerous papillae
Directed caudally, arranged in diagonal rows
On the root of the tongue they are reducted in number
Absent on the later and ventral surface
Describe the Conical papillae.
Larger, less frequent
Located on the dorsum of the caudal third of the tongue
Wide circular base, hard point apex
Describe the Fungiform papillae
Contains taste buds
Less numerous than filiform papillae
Found on the rostral two thrids of the tongue, among the filiform papillae
Describe the Vallate papillae.
Contains taste buds
2-3 pairs (most commonly four)
Located on the caudal third of the dorsum of the tongue
Located on both sides of the median groove
Arranged in the form of a “V”
The point of the “V” is always directed caudally
Surrouunded by a circular cleft (old name - circumvallate papillae)
Do not project above the surface of the tongue
Describe the Foliate papillae.
Located on the dorsolateral aspect of the caudal third of the tongue, just rostral to the palatoglossal fold
Contains taste buds only in dogs
Not very distinct in dog
What is number 1?
Apex
What is number 2?
Body
What is number 3?
Root
What is number 4?
Median groove
What is number 5?
Vallate papilla
What is number 6?
Fungiform papilla
What is number 7?
Palatoglossal fold
What is number 8?
Palatine tonsil in tonsillar fossa
What is number 9?
Epiglottis
What is number 10?
Frenulum
Describe the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.
Not attached to the hyoid apparatus
Contains
- Superficial longitudinal fibers
- Perpendicular fibers
- Transverse fibers
- Deep longitudinal fibers
Action
- Ass a unit protrude the tongue
- Intricate local movement
- Prevent the tongue from being bitten
Describe the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
Osseous origin and radiate into the tongue
The first part of the name indicates the bone they originate from
The second part of the name is the Greek name of the tongue
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Describe the Styloglossus.
Most lateral extrinsic muscle
Origin - Stylohyoid bone
Enters the tongue caudally and runs rostrally in the lateral part
Insertion - middle portion of the tongue
Action - shortens the tongue, elecates its apex, and pulls the middle portion of the tongue laterally
Describe the Hyoglossus.
Located medial to the styloglossus muscle
Passes between the Lingual artery (deep), and the Hypoglossal nerve (superficial)
Origin - Bassihyoid bone
Insertion - caudal two third of the tongue
Action - retracts and depresses the tongue.
Describe the Genioglossus.
Most medial extrinsic muscle
Fan-shapped muscle
Origin - mandibular symphysis
Insertion - ventral surface of the tongue
Action - draws the tongue rostrally and ventrally.
What is number 1?
Genioglossus
What is number 2?
Hyoglossus
What is number 3?
Styloglossus
Describe the afterial blood supply of the tongue.
Lingual artery - direct branch from the external carotid artery
Sublingual artery - direct branch from the facial artery
Describe the branching of the veins from the tongue.
