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Gross Anatomy I > Head Digestive > Flashcards

Head Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oral cavity located?

A

Extends between the lips and oropharynx

Caudally communicates with the oropharynx

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2
Q

What is the oral fissure (rima oris)?

A

Opening between the upper and lower lips, entrance to the oral cavity

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3
Q

What is the angle of the mouth (commisures)?

A

Unites the upper and lower lips on each side

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4
Q

What are the accessory organs of the oral cavity?

A

Tongue

Teeth

Salivary glands

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5
Q

What is(are) vestibule(s)?

A

Labial vestibule
Space between the teeth and the lips

Buccal vestibule
Space between the teeth and the cheeks

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6
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

Space between the dental arcades

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7
Q

What are the borders of the oral cavity proper?

A 
**Dorsal** 
Hard palate (soft palate - rostral, small part)

Ventral
Tongue
Floor of the oral cavity

Lateral and Rostral
Dentral arcades

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8
Q

Where is the hard palate (palatum durum) located?

A

rostral to the soft palate

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9
Q

What is number 1?

A

Palatine process of he incisive bone

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10
Q

What is number 2?

A

Palatine process of the maxilla

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11
Q

What is number 3?

A

Horizontal plate of the palantine bone

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12
Q

What are the transverse ridges (rugae palatine)?

A

oral side are crossed by 8-10 ridges of the hard palate

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13
Q

What is the median palatine raphe?

A

divides the hard palate into two symmetrical halves

indistinct in dogs

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14
Q

What is the incisive papilla?

A

Located just caudal to the upper central incisor teeth

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15
Q

What is the incisive duct?

A

opens on each side of the incisive papilla

leads to the nasal cavity and to the vomeronasal organ

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16
Q

Describe the Vomeronasal organ.

A

located at the base of the nasal septum

olfactory receptors for sexual stimuli

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17
Q

Describe the soft palate (palatum molle).

A

Continues caudally from the hard palate to the intrapharyngeal opening

Dorsal surface is covered by respiratory mucosa

Ventral surface is covered by oral mucosa, which forms many longitudinal folds and some large transverse folds.

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18
Q

What muscles form the soft palate?

A

Palatine muscles - shortens the soft palate

Tensor veli palatini - tenses the soft palate

Levator veli palatini - raises the soft palate

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19
Q

What Arteries supply the palate?

A

Minor palatine artery
Direct branch from the maxillary artery
Passes caudal to the hard palate and is distributed to the soft and hard palates

Descending palatine artery - direct branch from the maxillary artery

  • Major Palatine artery
    Caudal palatine foramen -> palatine canal -> major & minor palatine foramen -> hard palate
  • Sphenopaltine artery
    Sphenopalatine foramen -> interior nasal cavity
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20
Q

What is number 1?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

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21
Q

What is number 2?

A

Descending palatine artery

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22
Q

What is number 3?

A

Minor palatine artery

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23
Q

What is number 4?

A

Major palatine artery

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24
Q

What is number 5?

A

Major palatine artery

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25
Q

Describe the minor palatine nerve

A

Branch of the Pterygopalatine nerve of the Maxillary nerve

Sensory supply to the soft palate

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26
Q

Describe the Major Palatine nerve.

A

Branch of the Pterygopalatine nerve of the Maxillary nerve

Passing through the palatine canal

Sensory supply to the mucosa of the hard palate

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27
Q

Describe the Glossopharyngeal nerve (major sensory) and Vagus nerve (major motor)

A

Supply the pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles

28
Q

Describe the Mandibular nerve.

A

Branch of the Trigeminal nerve

Innervated the tensor veli palatini muscle

29
Q

Generally describe the tongue.

A

Fills the oral cavity proper and extends into the oropharynx

Suppored caudally by the hypid bone

30
Q

What does the tongue (Lingua, Glossa) consist of?

A
  • striated skeletal muscle
  • connective tissue
  • adipose tissue
  • mucous membrane
  • receptors for taste, pain, and temperature
31
Q

What are the functions of the tongue (Lingua, Glossa)?

A
  • manipulating the food within the mouth
  • lapping water
  • swallowing
  • enhace heat lose by panting in dogs
32
Q

Describe the dorsal surface of the tongue (dorsum linguae).

A

Opposite the palate

Lingual mucosa thick, heavily cornified

Median groove - divides the dorsum into two symmetrical halves

33
Q

Describe the ventral surface of the tongue (facies ventralis linguae).

A

Lingual mucosa less cornified

34
Q

What are the four parts of the tongue?

A

Apex (apex lingue)

Lyssa

Body

Root

35
Q

Describe the Apex (apex lingue) part of the tongue.

A

Rostral portion

Dorsal and ventral surface

36
Q

Describe the Lyssa part of the tongue.

A

Median filiform structure

Embedded in the musculature along the ventral surface of the apex

Encapsulated by dense sheath of connective tissue, whihc is filled by adipose tissue, striated muscle, cartilage (small amount)

37
Q

Describe the body of the tongue.

A

Caudal to the apex

Lies in the intermandibular space

Frenulum (median fold) - connects the bod to the floor of the oral cavity

38
Q

Describe the root of the tongue.

A

Caudal to the body

Seperated from the body by the vallate papillae

Lies in the intermandibular space

39
Q

Describe the Lingual mucosa?

A

The epithelium forms numerous papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue

They are named based on their shapte

Based on their function there are two groups of papillae

40
Q

Describe Mechanical papillae

A

More numerous than the gustatory papillae

Protecting the deeper structures from injury

  • Filiform papillae
  • Conical papillae
41
Q

Describe Gustatory papillae.

A

Contains taste buds.

  • Fungiform papillae
  • Vallate papillae
  • Foliate papillae
42
Q

Describe the Filiform papillae.

A

Smallest and most numerous papillae

Directed caudally, arranged in diagonal rows

On the root of the tongue they are reducted in number

Absent on the later and ventral surface

43
Q

Describe the Conical papillae.

A

Larger, less frequent

Located on the dorsum of the caudal third of the tongue

Wide circular base, hard point apex

44
Q

Describe the Fungiform papillae

A

Contains taste buds

Less numerous than filiform papillae

Found on the rostral two thrids of the tongue, among the filiform papillae

45
Q

Describe the Vallate papillae.

A

Contains taste buds

2-3 pairs (most commonly four)

Located on the caudal third of the dorsum of the tongue

Located on both sides of the median groove

Arranged in the form of a “V”

The point of the “V” is always directed caudally

Surrouunded by a circular cleft (old name - circumvallate papillae)

Do not project above the surface of the tongue

46
Q

Describe the Foliate papillae.

A

Located on the dorsolateral aspect of the caudal third of the tongue, just rostral to the palatoglossal fold

Contains taste buds only in dogs

Not very distinct in dog

47
Q

What is number 1?

A

Apex

48
Q

What is number 2?

A

Body

49
Q

What is number 3?

A

Root

50
Q

What is number 4?

A

Median groove

51
Q

What is number 5?

A

Vallate papilla

52
Q

What is number 6?

A

Fungiform papilla

53
Q

What is number 7?

A

Palatoglossal fold

54
Q

What is number 8?

A

Palatine tonsil in tonsillar fossa

55
Q

What is number 9?

A

Epiglottis

56
Q

What is number 10?

A

Frenulum

57
Q

Describe the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

Not attached to the hyoid apparatus

Contains

  • Superficial longitudinal fibers
  • Perpendicular fibers
  • Transverse fibers
  • Deep longitudinal fibers

Action

  • Ass a unit protrude the tongue
  • Intricate local movement
  • Prevent the tongue from being bitten
58
Q

Describe the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

Osseous origin and radiate into the tongue

The first part of the name indicates the bone they originate from

The second part of the name is the Greek name of the tongue

Styloglossus

Hyoglossus

Genioglossus

59
Q

Describe the Styloglossus.

A

Most lateral extrinsic muscle

Origin - Stylohyoid bone

Enters the tongue caudally and runs rostrally in the lateral part

Insertion - middle portion of the tongue

Action - shortens the tongue, elecates its apex, and pulls the middle portion of the tongue laterally

60
Q

Describe the Hyoglossus.

A

Located medial to the styloglossus muscle

Passes between the Lingual artery (deep), and the Hypoglossal nerve (superficial)

Origin - Bassihyoid bone

Insertion - caudal two third of the tongue

Action - retracts and depresses the tongue.

61
Q

Describe the Genioglossus.

A

Most medial extrinsic muscle

Fan-shapped muscle

Origin - mandibular symphysis

Insertion - ventral surface of the tongue

Action - draws the tongue rostrally and ventrally.

62
Q

What is number 1?

A

Genioglossus

63
Q

What is number 2?

A

Hyoglossus

64
Q

What is number 3?

A

Styloglossus

65
Q

Describe the afterial blood supply of the tongue.

A

Lingual artery - direct branch from the external carotid artery

Sublingual artery - direct branch from the facial artery

66
Q

Describe the branching of the veins from the tongue.

A

Gross Anatomy I (18 decks)

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