Canine Thorax Flashcards by Jonathan Bycroft

What are ribs 1-9 and where do they attach?

Sternal or “true” ribs and they attach to the sternum

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What are ribs 10-13 and where do they attach?

Asternal or “false” ribs and they attach caudal to the sternum

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What is the costal arch?

United costal cartilages of ribs 10-12

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What is the floating rib?

The 13th rib fails to make contact with the costal arch and instead ends freely in the flank.

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What is number 1?

Asternal or “false” ribs

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What is number 2?

Floating rib

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What is number 3?

Costal arch?

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What is number 4?

Sternal or “True” ribs

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Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Crainal

Thoracic Inlet

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Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Caudal

Diaphragm

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Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Dorsal

Thoracic Vertebral Bodies

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Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Ventral

Sternum

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Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Lateral

Ribs, Costal Cartilages, and Intercostal Muscles,

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Thoracic Inlet Boundary - Dorsal

Body of the first Thoracic Vertebra

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Thoracic Inlet Boundary - Ventral

First Sternebra (manubrium)

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Thoracic Inlet Boundary - Lateral

First pair of Ribs and their costal cartilages.

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Thoracic Cavity Contents:

Trachea
Heart
Lungs
Thymus
Esophagus
Lymph Nodes
Vessels
Nerves
Plura Cavity
Pericardial Cavity

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Thoracic Inlet Contents:

Trachea
Esophagus
Vagosympathetic Nerve Trunks
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
Phrenic Nerves
Ventral branches of 1st and 2nd Thoracic Spinal Nerves
Several Blood Vessels
Pleural Cupulae

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What is number 1?

Thoracic Outlet:

Esophageal Hiatus

Esophagus, Dorsal and Ventral Vagal Trunk

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What is number 2?

Thoracic Outlet:

Lumbocostal Arch

Sympathetic Trunk and Major Splanchnic Nerve

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What is number 3?

Thoracic Outlet:

Cava Foramen

Caudal Vena Cava

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What is number 4?

Thoracic Outlet:

Aortic Hiatus

Aortic Vein, Azygous Vein, and Thoracic Duct

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What is Endothoracic Fascia?

Connective tissue lising the thoracic cavity and attaching the pleurae to the thoracic wall and diaphragm.

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Where is the Endothoracic Fascia?

It passes through the thoracic inlet cranially and blends with the deep cervical fascia.

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What is pleura?

Mesothelial membrane which lines the thoracic cavity, encloses the mediastinum, and covers the lungs.

What is mesothelium?

Simple squamous epithelium (derived from mesoderm) which lines the coelomic cavity and its adult derivatives.

What is number 1?

Mesothelium ## Footnote **Ectoderm**

What is number 2?

Mesothelium ## Footnote **Mesoderm**

What is number 3?

Mesothelium ## Footnote **Endoderm**

Where is the Mediastinum located?

Midline partition of the thorax.

What does the Mediastinum include?

Two Mediastinal Pleurae and space between them.

What is enclosed by the Mediastinum?

Thymus Lymph Nodes Heart Aorta Trachea Esophagus Nerves & Vessesl Varying amounts of connective tissue & Fat

Identify the layer/portion of a tendon sheath which is in direct contact with the tendon. A. Farietal Layer B. Visceral Layer C. Mesotendon D. Synovial Fluid

B. Visceral Layer

What surround the lungs?

Pleural Cavities They surround the lungs like a balloon, do not enclose it.

What do the Pleural Cavities contain?

Contains only a small amount of serous fluid in health.

What is number 1?

Costal Parietal Pleura

What is number 2?

Mediastinal Parietal Pleura

What is number 3?

Diaphragmatic Parietal Pleura

What is number 4?

Pulmonary Visceral Pleura

What is the connecting pleura?

ligaments and folds ## Footnote **Pulmonary ligament** **Plica Vena Cava**

Pneumothorax

The canine mediastinum is easily ruptured, often allowing communication between both pleural cavities.

Identify the Connecting Pleura.

Left: Pulmonary ligament Right: Plica venae cavae

Where is the Line of Pleural Refection?

Along the horizontal parts of the 8th & 9th costal cartilages, across the 10th & 11th ribs at the costochondral junction, across the middle of the last rib, & cranially to the 12th intercostal space.

What is the fibroserous covering of the heart?

Pericardium

What is the Serous pericardium?

mesothelial sac enclosing the pericardial cavity (divided into parietal and visceral layers)

What is the fibrous connective tissue covering the parital layer of the serous pericardium?

Fibrous pericardium

What is the Pericardial Sac

Composite structure consisting of 3 layers which surrounds the pericardial cavity.

What is number 1?

Costal Pleura (Parietal)

What is number 2?

Pulmonary Pleura (Visceral)

What is number 3?

Pleural Cavity

What is number 4?

Mediastinal pleura (parietal)

What is number 1?

Mediastinal Pleura

What is number 2?

Pericardial Mediastinal Pleura

What is number 3?

Parietal Serous Pericardium

What is number 4?

Visseral Serous Pericardium

What is number 5?

Pleura Cavity

What is number 6?

Mediastinal Pleura

What is number 7?

Fibrous Pericardium Connective Tissue

What is number 8?

Paricardial Sac (3 layers)

What is cardiac Tamponade?

Excessive fluid accumulation results in compression of the heart. (Fibrous pericardium preents significant distension of the pericardal cavity in the short term.)

How many lobes does the Left Lung have?

2 Lobes Cranial lobe (cranial & caudal) Caudal lobe

How many lobes doe the Right Lung have?

4 Lobes Cranial Caudal Middle Accessory

Where is the Cardiac Notch?

Right Lung - low in the right 4th - 5th intercostal space. (can access the heart with a needle w/o hitting the lung)

What is number 1?

Left Cranial Portion of the Cranial Lobe

What is number 2?

Left Caudal Portion of the Cranial Lobe

What is number 3?

Left Caudal Lobe

What is number 4?

Accessory Lobe

What is number 5?

Caudal Lobe

What is number 6?

Middle Lobe

What is number 7?

Cranial Lobe

What is the midline cartilaginous crest where trachea devides into right & left principal bronchi.

Carina

What is the branch from the trachea to the lungs?

Tracheal Bifurcation

What are the Bronchi?

Primary (principal) Bronchus Secondary (lobar) Bronchus Tertiary (segmental) Bronchus

What is the Bronchopulmonary segment?

The Tertiary (segmental) Bronchus and the tissue it ventilates.

What artery(ies) function as the nutritional blood supply?

Bronchoesophageal artery (Located from the right 5th intercostal artery)

What artery(ies) functions as the functional blood supply?

Pulmonary Arteries (from the pulmonary trunk)

What is the purpose of the Functional Blood supply?

Carry nonaerated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for gaseous exchange.

Where is the Auscultation Triangle?

Caudal border of the triceps brachii m. Lateral edge of epaxial mm. Line paralleling basal border of the lungs (sternal end of the 6th rib to 11th intercostal space)

Where is the Costodiaphragmatic recess?

The potential space where the diaphragmatic and costal parietal pleura are in contact ith one another.