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Gross Anatomy I > Canine Thorax > Flashcards

Canine Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are ribs 1-9 and where do they attach?

A

Sternal or “true” ribs and they attach to the sternum

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2
Q

What are ribs 10-13 and where do they attach?

A

Asternal or “false” ribs and they attach caudal to the sternum

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3
Q

What is the costal arch?

A

United costal cartilages of ribs 10-12

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4
Q

What is the floating rib?

A

The 13th rib fails to make contact with the costal arch and instead ends freely in the flank.

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5
Q

What is number 1?

A

Asternal or “false” ribs

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6
Q

What is number 2?

A

Floating rib

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7
Q

What is number 3?

A

Costal arch?

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8
Q

What is number 4?

A

Sternal or “True” ribs

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9
Q

Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Crainal

A

Thoracic Inlet

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10
Q

Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Caudal

A

Diaphragm

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11
Q

Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Dorsal

A

Thoracic Vertebral Bodies

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12
Q

Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Ventral

A

Sternum

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13
Q

Thoracic Cavity Boundary - Lateral

A

Ribs, Costal Cartilages, and Intercostal Muscles,

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14
Q

Thoracic Inlet Boundary - Dorsal

A

Body of the first Thoracic Vertebra

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15
Q

Thoracic Inlet Boundary - Ventral

A

First Sternebra (manubrium)

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16
Q

Thoracic Inlet Boundary - Lateral

A

First pair of Ribs and their costal cartilages.

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17
Q

Thoracic Cavity Contents:

A

Trachea
Heart
Lungs
Thymus
Esophagus
Lymph Nodes
Vessels
Nerves
Plura Cavity
Pericardial Cavity

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18
Q

Thoracic Inlet Contents:

A

Trachea
Esophagus
Vagosympathetic Nerve Trunks
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
Phrenic Nerves
Ventral branches of 1st and 2nd Thoracic Spinal Nerves
Several Blood Vessels
Pleural Cupula​e

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19
Q

What is number 1?

A

Thoracic Outlet:

Esophageal Hiatus

Esophagus, Dorsal and Ventral Vagal Trunk

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20
Q

What is number 2?

A

Thoracic Outlet:

Lumbocostal Arch

Sympathetic Trunk and Major Splanchnic Nerve

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21
Q

What is number 3?

A

Thoracic Outlet:

Cava Foramen

Caudal Vena Cava

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22
Q

What is number 4?

A

Thoracic Outlet:

Aortic Hiatus

Aortic Vein, Azygous Vein, and Thoracic Duct

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23
Q

What is Endothoracic Fascia?

A

Connective tissue lising the thoracic cavity and attaching the pleurae to the thoracic wall and diaphragm.

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24
Q

Where is the Endothoracic Fascia?

A

It passes through the thoracic inlet cranially and blends with the deep cervical fascia.

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25
Q

What is pleura?

A

Mesothelial membrane which lines the thoracic cavity, encloses the mediastinum, and covers the lungs.

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26
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium (derived from mesoderm) which lines the coelomic cavity and its adult derivatives.

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27
Q

What is number 1?

A

Mesothelium

Ectoderm

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28
Q

What is number 2?

A

Mesothelium

Mesoderm

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29
Q

What is number 3?

A

Mesothelium

Endoderm

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30
Q

Where is the Mediastinum located?

A

Midline partition of the thorax.

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31
Q

What does the Mediastinum include?

A

Two Mediastinal Pleurae and space between them.

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32
Q

What is enclosed by the Mediastinum?

A

Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Heart
Aorta
Trachea
Esophagus
Nerves & Vessesl
Varying amounts of connective tissue & Fat

33
Q

Identify the layer/portion of a tendon sheath which is in direct contact with the tendon.

A. Farietal Layer

B. Visceral Layer

C. Mesotendon

D. Synovial Fluid

A

B. Visceral Layer

34
Q

What surround the lungs?

A

Pleural Cavities

They surround the lungs like a balloon, do not enclose it.

35
Q

What do the Pleural Cavities contain?

A

Contains only a small amount of serous fluid in health.

36
Q

What is number 1?

A

Costal Parietal Pleura

37
Q

What is number 2?

A

Mediastinal Parietal Pleura

38
Q

What is number 3?

A

Diaphragmatic Parietal Pleura

39
Q

What is number 4?

A

Pulmonary Visceral Pleura

40
Q

What is the connecting pleura?

A

ligaments and folds

Pulmonary ligament

Plica Vena Cava

41
Q

Pneumothorax

A

The canine mediastinum is easily ruptured, often allowing communication between both pleural cavities.

42
Q

Identify the Connecting Pleura.

A

Left: Pulmonary ligament

Right: Plica venae cavae

43
Q

Where is the Line of Pleural Refection?

A

Along the horizontal parts of the 8th & 9th costal cartilages, across the 10th & 11th ribs at the costochondral junction, across the middle of the last rib, & cranially to the 12th intercostal space.

44
Q

What is the fibroserous covering of the heart?

A

Pericardium

45
Q

What is the Serous pericardium?

A

mesothelial sac enclosing the pericardial cavity

(divided into parietal and visceral layers)

46
Q

What is the fibrous connective tissue covering the parital layer of the serous pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium

47
Q

What is the Pericardial Sac

A

Composite structure consisting of 3 layers which surrounds the pericardial cavity.

48
Q

What is number 1?

A

Costal Pleura (Parietal)

49
Q

What is number 2?

A

Pulmonary Pleura (Visceral)

50
Q

What is number 3?

A

Pleural Cavity

51
Q

What is number 4?

A

Mediastinal pleura (parietal)

52
Q

What is number 1?

A

Mediastinal Pleura

53
Q

What is number 2?

A

Pericardial Mediastinal Pleura

54
Q

What is number 3?

A

Parietal Serous Pericardium

55
Q

What is number 4?

A

Visseral Serous Pericardium

56
Q

What is number 5?

A

Pleura Cavity

57
Q

What is number 6?

A

Mediastinal Pleura

58
Q

What is number 7?

A

Fibrous Pericardium Connective Tissue

59
Q

What is number 8?

A

Paricardial Sac (3 layers)

60
Q

What is cardiac Tamponade?

A

Excessive fluid accumulation results in compression of the heart.

(Fibrous pericardium preents significant distension of the pericardal cavity in the short term.)

61
Q

How many lobes does the Left Lung have?

A

2 Lobes

Cranial lobe (cranial & caudal)

Caudal lobe

62
Q

How many lobes doe the Right Lung have?

A

4 Lobes

Cranial
Caudal
Middle
Accessory

63
Q

Where is the Cardiac Notch?

A

Right Lung - low in the right 4th - 5th intercostal space.

(can access the heart with a needle w/o hitting the lung)

64
Q

What is number 1?

A

Left Cranial Portion of the Cranial Lobe

65
Q

What is number 2?

A

Left Caudal Portion of the Cranial Lobe

66
Q

What is number 3?

A

Left Caudal Lobe

67
Q

What is number 4?

A

Accessory Lobe

68
Q

What is number 5?

A

Caudal Lobe

69
Q

What is number 6?

A

Middle Lobe

70
Q

What is number 7?

A

Cranial Lobe

71
Q

What is the midline cartilaginous crest where trachea devides into right & left principal bronchi.

72
Q

What is the branch from the trachea to the lungs?

A

Tracheal Bifurcation

73
Q

What are the Bronchi?

A

Primary (principal) Bronchus

Secondary (lobar) Bronchus

Tertiary (segmental) Bronchus

74
Q

What is the Bronchopulmonary segment?

A

The Tertiary (segmental) Bronchus and the tissue it ventilates.

75
Q

What artery(ies) function as the nutritional blood supply?

A

Bronchoesophageal artery

(Located from the right 5th intercostal artery)

76
Q

What artery(ies) functions as the functional blood supply?

A

Pulmonary Arteries (from the pulmonary trunk)

77
Q

What is the purpose of the Functional Blood supply?

A

Carry nonaerated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for gaseous exchange.

78
Q

Where is the Auscultation Triangle?

A

Caudal border of the triceps brachii m.

Lateral edge of epaxial mm.

Line paralleling basal border of the lungs
(sternal end of the 6th rib to 11th intercostal space)

79
Q

Where is the Costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

The potential space where the diaphragmatic and costal parietal pleura are in contact ith one another.

Gross Anatomy I (18 decks)

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