Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
What is the Inguinal Canal?
Passageway for the descent of the testies and spermatic cord.
Extends from the superficial inguinal ring to the deep inguinal ring.
Where is the Superficial inguinal ring located, and what is its shape?
Slit-like opening into the aponeurosis of the
External Abdominal Oblique
Where is the Deep inguinal ring located and what is its shape?
Triangular opening
Cranial border: Internal Abdominal Oblique (caudal border)
Medial border: Rectus abdominis (lateral border)
Caudal border: Inguinal ligament (caudal end of the External Abdominal Oblique)
What doe the Inguinal canal include?
Spermatic cord or vaginal process
External cremaster muscle
External pudendal artery and vein
Genitofemoral nerve
Efferent duct of the superficial inguinal lymph node
What are the boarders (landmarks) for the Abdominal Quadrants?
Center: Umbilicus
Median: Linea alba
Cross Section: L2 vertebra
What does the Abdominal Cavity contain?
Stomach —> Decending colon
Liver
Pancreas
Spleen
Kidneys
Female reproductive tract
Nerve plexuses
Vessels
Lymph nodes
Omental structures
What are the borders of the Abdominal Cavity?
Diaphragm - cranially, bilaterally
Lumbar vertebrae, Sublumbar muscles - dorsally
Abdominal muscles (EAO, IAO, TA) - bilaterally
Rectus abdominis, Rectus sheath and the linea alba - ventrally
Pelvic inlet - caudally continuous with the pelvic cavity
What is the Linea alba, what is it made up of, and what is its origin and insertion?
Midventral raphe
Formed by the aponeurotic insertions of the abdominal muscles.
Origin: Xiphoid cartilage
Blends with the prepublic tendon
Insertion: Pelvic symphysis
What are the layers of the Linea alba?
Aponerosis of:
External Abdominal Oblique M.
Internal Abdominal Oblique M.
Transversus Abdominis M.
Transverse fascia
What is peritoneum?
Largest and the most complex arranged serous membrance in the body.
Male: closed sac
Female: opens into the peritoneal cavity, via the ovarian bursa by the free end of the uterine tubes (abdominal ostium)
What is the function of Peritoneum?
Reduce friction between parts
What is underlined by the transverse fascia?
Peritoneum
What are the parts of Peritoneum?
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Peritoneal cavity in-between
What are the boundaries of Pariental Peritoneum?
Abdominal wall
Abdominal surface of the diaphragm
Pelvic cavity (cranial portion)
Scrotal cavity and caginal process
What are the forms of Parietal Peritoneum?
Parietal vaginal tunics of spermatic cord and vaginal process
Vaginal rings (peritoneal cavity continuous w/ cavity of the vagnal tunic)
Where is the Visceral Peritoneum?
In the abdominal cavity
In the pelvic cavity (cranial portion)
What is the Peritoneal Cavity?
Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum.
Contains small amount of serous fluid.
DOES NOT CONTAIN ORGANS!
Ova ovulate into the peritoneal cavity.
What are the parts of the Peritoneal cavity?
Greater sac (main region)
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
Epiploic foramen (communication between the two sacs)
Where is the Pararectal fossa?
Each side of the mesorectum
Where is the Rectogenital pouch?
Female:
- rectum dorsally
- vagina (cranial part) ventrally
Male:
- rectum dorsally
- genital fold ventrally
Where is the Vesicogenital pouch?
Female:
- vagina (cranial part) dorsally
- bladder and its lateral ligament ventrally
Male:
- genital fold dorsally
- bladder and its lateral ligament ventrally
Where is the Pubovesical pouch?
Between the flood of the pelvis and the bladder
What is the Mesentery and what are its function?
Double layer of peritoneum, which suspends most of the freely movable organs to the body walls
Supplies route for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Many cases contains lymph nodes
What makes up the ‘Root of the Mesentery’ and where is is located?
Attaches to the dorsal abdominal wall (L1-L2)
Cranial mesenteric artery
Lymphatics
Mesenteric nerve plexus