Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Pulmonary Ciculation
A
Lower Pressure
From the heart to the lungs and back
2
Q
Systemic Ciculation
A
Higher pressure
Distributed from the heart throughout the body and back
3
Q
Which direction do Arteries carry blood?
A
Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart.
4
Q
Which direction do Veins carry blood?
A
Venis carry blood TOWARD the heart.
5
Q
Blood Leaves the heart through:
A
Pulmonary trunk or the aorta
Then it flows into smaller ad smaller arteries, then int arterioles, capillaries, venules, and finally into incresingly large beins until it ultimately returens to the heart.
6
Q
In the Portal System, blood flows through how many capillary beds before returning to the heart.
A
2 capillary beds
Hepatic Portal System
Hypothalamico-hypophyseal Portal System
7
Q
During standard circulation, blood flows through how many capillaries before returing to the heart.
A
Once
8
Q
What is number 1:
A
Paricardial Mediastinal Pleura
9
Q
What is number 2:
A
Parietal Serous Pericardium
10
Q
What is number 3:
A
Visceral Serous Pericardium “Epicardium”
11
Q
What is number 4:
A
Mediastinal Pleura
12
Q
What is number 5:
A
Fibrous Pericardium
13
Q
What is number 6:
A
“Surgeon’s” Pericardial Sac (3 layers)
14
Q
What is number 7:
A
Mediastinal Pleura
15
Q
What is number 8:
A
Paricardial Pleura??
16
Q
What is number 1:
A
Right Ventrical
17
Q
What is number 2:
A
Left Ventrical
18
Q
What is number 3:
A
Visceral Serous Pericardium (Epicardium)
19
Q
What is number 4:
A
Myocardium
20
Q
What is number 5:
A
Endocardium
21
Q
What is the location of the Heart.
A
Roughly from the 3rd to the 6th intercostal space.
Apex angled caudaly and to the left.
22
Q
What is number 1:
A
Aorta
23
Q
What is number 2:
A
Pulmonary Trunk
24
Q
What is number 3:
A
Left Ariticle
25
Where is number 4 going:
To Lungs
26
What is number 5:
Pulmonary Veins (usually per lobe, lung)
27
What is number 6:
Left A-V orifice
| (Closed by left A-V valve)
28
What is number 7:
Aortic oficice
| (closed by Aortic valve)
29
What is number 8:
Left Ventricle
30
What is number 9:
Papillary muscles
31
What is number 10:
Chordae tendena
32
What is number 11:
Right Ventricle
33
What is number 12:
Pulmonary trunk orifice
| (closed by Pulmonary valve)
34
What is number 13:
Right A-V orfice
| (closed by Right A-V valve)
35
What is number 14:
Caudal Vena Cava
36
What is number 15:
Cranial Vena Cava
37
What is number 16:
Right Atrium
38
What is number 1?
Sinoatrial Node
39
What is number 2?
Atrioventricular Node
40
What is number 6?
Trabecula Septomarginalis
41
What conducts impulses in the heart?
Purkinje Fibers
42
What is the region of the heart at 1.
Base
43
What is the region of the heart at 2.
Apex
44
What is this surface of the heart?
Auricular
45
What is this surface of the Heart?
Atrial
46
What is the red line?
Coronary Groove
47
What is the green line?
Subsinuosal Interventricular Groove
48
What is the yellow line?
Paraconal Interventricular Groove
49
What are the devisions of the RIght Atrium?
Main part: sinus venarum
Blink part: right auricle
50
What is the "in flow" to the Right Atrium?
Cranial Vena Cava
Caudal Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus - venous return from the heart itself
51
What is the "Out Flow" of the Right Atrium?
Right Atrioventricular Orifice
52
What diverts inflowing blood from the caval veins into the Right Altrioventricular orifice?
Intervenous tubercle
53
What are the interlacing muscular bands which strengthen the atrial wall?
Pectinate mm.
54
What are the Pectinate mm.?
interlacing muscular bands which strengthen atrial wall
55
What is this?
Right Atrium
56
What is the "In Flow" of the Right Ventricle?
Right Atrioventricular orifice
57
What is the "Out Flow" of the Right Ventricle?
Pulmonary Trunk Orifice
58
What is the funnel-shaped part of the right ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk?
Conus arteriosus
59
What are the conical-shaped muscular projections that give rise to the chordae tendinae?
Papillary mm.
60
What prevent the eversion of the Artioventricular valves?
Chordae tendinae
| ("parachute cords")
61
What are the myocardial ridges on lining of the ventricles?
Trabeculae carneae
62
What conducts Purkinge fibers across the lumen of the **right** ventricle?
Trabecula septomarginalis
63
What venrticle is this?
Right Ventricle
64
What is the "In Flow" of the Left Atrium?
Pulmonary Veins
65
What is the "Out Flow" of the Left Atrium?
Left Atrioventricular orifice
66
Where are the Pectinate mm. located?
Auricle
67
What is the "blind" portion of the Left Atrium.
Left Auricle
68
What is the "In Flow" of the Left Ventricle?
Left Atrioventricular Orifice
69
What is the "Out Flow" of the Left Ventricle?
Aortic Orifice
70
What is depicted in the image?
Left Atrium & Ventricle
71
Where do the Coronary Arteries arise?
Ascending Aorta
72
What is the green line?
Left Coronary a.
73
What is the orange line?
Circumflex br.
| (of the Left Coronary a.)
74
What is the purple line?
Subsinosal interventricular br.
(branch of the Circumflex br. of the Left Coronary a.)
75
What is the blue line?
Paraconal Interventricular br.
| (branch off of the Left Coronary a.)
76
What is the yellow line?
Septal br.
| (branch off of the Left Coronary a.)
77
What is the red line?
Right Coronary a.
78
What is number 1?
Circumflex brach of left coronary artery
79
What is number 2?
Subsinuosal interventricular branch
80
What is number 3?
Coronary Sinus
81
What is number 4?
Great Cardiac v.
82
What is number 5?
Middle Cardiac v.
83
What is Systole?
Cardiac contraction
84
What is Diastole?
Cardiac relaxation
85
S1 "Lub" is:
Closure of Atrioventricular valves
86
S2: "Dub" is:
Closure of Semilunar valves
87
What is heard when valves are leaky?
Murmurs
88
What does PMI stand for:
Points of Maximal Intensity (PMIs)
89
Where is the PMI for the Pulmonary valve?
Low in left 3rd Intercostal Space.
90
Where is the PMI for the Aortic valve?
High in left 4th Intercostal Space.
91
Where is the PMI for the Left Atrioventricular valve?
Low in left 5th Intercostal Space.
92
Where is the PMI for the right Atrioventricular valve?
Low in right 4-5th Intercostal Space.
93
Blood Flow through heart.
Venous Return (CrVC, CdVC, or Coronary Sinus)
Right Atrium
Right Atrioventricular Orifice
Right Ventricle
Pulomary Trunk Orifice
Pulomonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Left Atrioventricular Orifice
Left Ventricle
Aortic Orifice
Ascending Aorta
94
What is number 1:
Aorta
95
What is number 2:
Left subclavian a.
96
What is number 3:
Brachiocephalic trunk
97
What is number 4:
Right subclavian a.
98
What is number 5:
R. common carotid a.
99
What is number 6:
L. common carotid a.
100
What is number 1?
Right External jugular vein
101
What is number 2?
Subclavian vein
102
What is number 3?
Right brachiospalic vain
103
What is number 4?
Cranial vena cava
104
What is number 5?
Caudal vena cava
105
What happens to the Lymph in the body?
In general, lymph from all regions of the body is returned to the venous system by two major lymphatic routes:
Thoracic Duct
Right Lymphatic Duct
106
Where does the throracic duct empty?
Near the left venous angle.
107
Where does the throracic duct receive lymph?
3/4 of the body (except the right half of the head and neck)
108
Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct receive lymph?
The right half of the head and neck
109
Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct empty?
Near the right venous angle.
110
True or False: There is variations of the thoracic duct and its entrance into the venous system?
True
111
What are the 2 unique features of fetal biology that necessite difference in fetal circulation pattern as compared to the adult:
1. Lungs are shrunken, nonfunctional, & present a considerable resistance to blood flow.
2. Oxygenation (an nutrient-waste exchange) occures in the placenta, which is physically distince from the fetus.
112
What circulatory structures are present in the fetus:
Umbilical arteries
Umbilical vein
Ductus Venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
113
Where do the umbilical arteries (left & right pair) originate from?
Internal iliac aa.
114
What do the umbilical arteries (left & right pair) do?
Carry fetal blood out through the umbilical cord to he placenta for nutrient-waste exchange.
115
What does the umbilical vein do?
Returns fetal blood from the placenta to the fetus.
116
Where does the umbilical vein travel?
From the umbilical cord to the liver and continues through the liver as a channel, the ductus venosus.
117
Where does the umbilical vein travel through?
Ductus venosus, which is a channel through the liver.
118
What is the Foramen ovale?
A passage through the interatrial septum.
119
What is the purpose of the Foramen ovale?
A passage through the interatrial septum, which allows some of the blood to bypass the lungs by flowing directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.
120
What is the ductus arteriosus?
A vascular connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.
121
What is the purpose of the ductus arteriosus?
Allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the nonfunctional lungs and pass directly into the aorta.
122
What is number 1?
Umbilical arteries
123
What is number 2?
Umbilicus
124
What is number 3?
Umbilical vein
125
What is number 4?
Ductus venosus
126
What is number 5?
Foramen ovale
127
What is number 6?
Ductus arteriosus
128
What can you say about the oxygen level at number 7?
Highest O2
129
What is number 1?
Pulmnary Trunk
130
What is number 2?
Ductus Arteriosus
131
What is number 3?
Aorta
132
What is number 1?
Caudal Vena Cava
133
What is number 2?
Cranial Vena Cava
134
What is number 3?
Foramen Ovale
135
What can be seen in the image?
Opened valve of the **Foramen Ovale**
136
Changes at birth:
Lungs inflate resulting in decreased pulmonary resistance & increased pulmonary blood flow.
What happens?
Venous return to the left atrium increases causing the functional closure of the foramen ovale
(presure in the left atrium holds thin flap of endocardium [valve of the forame ovale] tightly against opening of foramen ovale)
137
Changes at birth:
Increased [O2] causes smooth muscle contraction in the wall of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, resulting in their functional closure?
Umbilical arteries
Umbilical vein & ductus venosus
Ductus arteriosus
138
What happens to fetal circulatory sturcturs that have not adult function?
Gradually replaced with Connective Tissue.
139
What happens to the pre-bladder portions of the umbilical arteries?
Typically regress to form the **round ligaments of the urinary bladder**, but may remian patent supplying the cranial vesical arteries.
140
What happens to the post-bladder (between the bladder and umbilicus) portions of the umbilical arteries?
Usually regress beyond recognition.
141
The umbilical vein becomes?
**round ligament of the liver**
a fibrous cord that courses within the falciform ligament from the umbilicus to the liver
142
The Ductus venosus becomes?
**ligamentum venosusm**
a fibrous cord
143
The Ductus arteriosus becomes?
ligamentum arteriosum
144
The Foramen ovale becomes?
fibroses to become the **Fossa ovalis**
some individulas it may not seal off, but this is not generally pathological because intra-atrial pressure on the left side keeps it physically closed.
145
What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 1?
Fetal: Umbilical arteries
After Birth: Round ligament of urinary bladder
146
What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 2?
Fetal: Umbilical arteries
After Birth: Obliterated in adult
147
What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 3?
Fetal: Umbilical vein
After Birth: Round ligament of liver
148
What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 4?
Fetal: Ductus venosus
After Birth: Ligamentum venosum
149
What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 5?
Fetal: Forament ovale
After Birth: Fossa ovalis
150
What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 6?
Fetal: Ductus arteriosus
After Birth: Ligamentum arteriosum
