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Gross Anatomy I > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Ciculation

A

Lower Pressure

From the heart to the lungs and back

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2
Q

Systemic Ciculation

A

Higher pressure

Distributed from the heart throughout the body and back

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3
Q

Which direction do Arteries carry blood?

A

Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart.

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4
Q

Which direction do Veins carry blood?

A

Venis carry blood TOWARD the heart.

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5
Q

Blood Leaves the heart through:

A

Pulmonary trunk or the aorta

Then it flows into smaller ad smaller arteries, then int arterioles, capillaries, venules, and finally into incresingly large beins until it ultimately returens to the heart.

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6
Q

In the Portal System, blood flows through how many capillary beds before returning to the heart.

A

2 capillary beds

Hepatic Portal System
Hypothalamico-hypophyseal Portal System

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7
Q

During standard circulation, blood flows through how many capillaries before returing to the heart.

A

Once

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8
Q

What is number 1:

A

Paricardial Mediastinal Pleura

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9
Q

What is number 2:

A

Parietal Serous Pericardium

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10
Q

What is number 3:

A

Visceral Serous Pericardium “Epicardium”

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11
Q

What is number 4:

A

Mediastinal Pleura

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12
Q

What is number 5:

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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13
Q

What is number 6:

A

“Surgeon’s” Pericardial Sac (3 layers)

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14
Q

What is number 7:

A

Mediastinal Pleura

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15
Q

What is number 8:

A

Paricardial Pleura??

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16
Q

What is number 1:

A

Right Ventrical

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17
Q

What is number 2:

A

Left Ventrical

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18
Q

What is number 3:

A

Visceral Serous Pericardium (Epicardium)

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19
Q

What is number 4:

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

What is number 5:

A

Endocardium

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21
Q

What is the location of the Heart.

A

Roughly from the 3rd to the 6th intercostal space.

Apex angled caudaly and to the left.

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22
Q

What is number 1:

A

Aorta

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23
Q

What is number 2:

A

Pulmonary Trunk

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24
Q

What is number 3:

A

Left Ariticle

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25
Q

Where is number 4 going:

A

To Lungs

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26
Q

What is number 5:

A

Pulmonary Veins (usually per lobe, lung)

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27
Q

What is number 6:

A

Left A-V orifice

(Closed by left A-V valve)

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28
Q

What is number 7:

A

Aortic oficice

(closed by Aortic valve)

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29
Q

What is number 8:

A

Left Ventricle

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30
Q

What is number 9:

A

Papillary muscles

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31
Q

What is number 10:

A

Chordae tendena

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32
Q

What is number 11:

A

Right Ventricle

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33
Q

What is number 12:

A

Pulmonary trunk orifice

(closed by Pulmonary valve)

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34
Q

What is number 13:

A

Right A-V orfice

(closed by Right A-V valve)

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35
Q

What is number 14:

A

Caudal Vena Cava

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36
Q

What is number 15:

A

Cranial Vena Cava

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37
Q

What is number 16:

A

Right Atrium

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38
Q

What is number 1?

A

Sinoatrial Node

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39
Q

What is number 2?

A

Atrioventricular Node

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40
Q

What is number 6?

A

Trabecula Septomarginalis

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41
Q

What conducts impulses in the heart?

A

Purkinje Fibers

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42
Q

What is the region of the heart at 1.

A

Base

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43
Q

What is the region of the heart at 2.

A

Apex

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44
Q

What is this surface of the heart?

A

Auricular

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45
Q

What is this surface of the Heart?

A

Atrial

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46
Q

What is the red line?

A

Coronary Groove

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47
Q

What is the green line?

A

Subsinuosal Interventricular Groove

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48
Q

What is the yellow line?

A

Paraconal Interventricular Groove

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49
Q

What are the devisions of the RIght Atrium?

A

Main part: sinus venarum

Blink part: right auricle

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50
Q

What is the “in flow” to the Right Atrium?

A

Cranial Vena Cava

Caudal Vena Cava

Coronary Sinus - venous return from the heart itself

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51
Q

What is the “Out Flow” of the Right Atrium?

A

Right Atrioventricular Orifice

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52
Q

What diverts inflowing blood from the caval veins into the Right Altrioventricular orifice?

A

Intervenous tubercle

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53
Q

What are the interlacing muscular bands which strengthen the atrial wall?

A

Pectinate mm.

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54
Q

What are the Pectinate mm.?

A

interlacing muscular bands which strengthen atrial wall

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55
Q

What is this?

A

Right Atrium

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56
Q

What is the “In Flow” of the Right Ventricle?

A

Right Atrioventricular orifice

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57
Q

What is the “Out Flow” of the Right Ventricle?

A

Pulmonary Trunk Orifice

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58
Q

What is the funnel-shaped part of the right ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk?

A

Conus arteriosus

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59
Q

What are the conical-shaped muscular projections that give rise to the chordae tendinae?

A

Papillary mm.

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60
Q

What prevent the eversion of the Artioventricular valves?

A

Chordae tendinae

(“parachute cords”)

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61
Q

What are the myocardial ridges on lining of the ventricles?

A

Trabeculae carneae

62
Q

What conducts Purkinge fibers across the lumen of the right ventricle?

A

Trabecula septomarginalis

63
Q

What venrticle is this?

A

Right Ventricle

64
Q

What is the “In Flow” of the Left Atrium?

A

Pulmonary Veins

65
Q

What is the “Out Flow” of the Left Atrium?

A

Left Atrioventricular orifice

66
Q

Where are the Pectinate mm. located?

A

Auricle

67
Q

What is the “blind” portion of the Left Atrium.

A

Left Auricle

68
Q

What is the “In Flow” of the Left Ventricle?

A

Left Atrioventricular Orifice

69
Q

What is the “Out Flow” of the Left Ventricle?

A

Aortic Orifice

70
Q

What is depicted in the image?

A

Left Atrium & Ventricle

71
Q

Where do the Coronary Arteries arise?

A

Ascending Aorta

72
Q

What is the green line?

A

Left Coronary a.

73
Q

What is the orange line?

A

Circumflex br.

(of the Left Coronary a.)

74
Q

What is the purple line?

A

Subsinosal interventricular br.

(branch of the Circumflex br. of the Left Coronary a.)

75
Q

What is the blue line?

A

Paraconal Interventricular br.

(branch off of the Left Coronary a.)

76
Q

What is the yellow line?

A

Septal br.

(branch off of the Left Coronary a.)

77
Q

What is the red line?

A

Right Coronary a.

78
Q

What is number 1?

A

Circumflex brach of left coronary artery

79
Q

What is number 2?

A

Subsinuosal interventricular branch

80
Q

What is number 3?

A

Coronary Sinus

81
Q

What is number 4?

A

Great Cardiac v.

82
Q

What is number 5?

A

Middle Cardiac v.

83
Q

What is Systole?

A

Cardiac contraction

84
Q

What is Diastole?

A

Cardiac relaxation

85
Q

S1 “Lub” is:

A

Closure of Atrioventricular valves

86
Q

S2: “Dub” is:

A

Closure of Semilunar valves

87
Q

What is heard when valves are leaky?

A

Murmurs

88
Q

What does PMI stand for:

A

Points of Maximal Intensity (PMIs)

89
Q

Where is the PMI for the Pulmonary valve?

A

Low in left 3rd Intercostal Space.

90
Q

Where is the PMI for the Aortic valve?

A

High in left 4th Intercostal Space.

91
Q

Where is the PMI for the Left Atrioventricular valve?

A

Low in left 5th Intercostal Space.

92
Q

Where is the PMI for the right Atrioventricular valve?

A

Low in right 4-5th Intercostal Space.

93
Q

Blood Flow through heart.

A

Venous Return (CrVC, CdVC, or Coronary Sinus)

Right Atrium

Right Atrioventricular Orifice

Right Ventricle

Pulomary Trunk Orifice

Pulomonary Trunk

Pulmonary Arteries

Lungs

Pulmonary Veins

Left Atrium

Left Atrioventricular Orifice

Left Ventricle

Aortic Orifice

Ascending Aorta

94
Q

What is number 1:

A

Aorta

95
Q

What is number 2:

A

Left subclavian a.

96
Q

What is number 3:

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

97
Q

What is number 4:

A

Right subclavian a.

98
Q

What is number 5:

A

R. common carotid a.

99
Q

What is number 6:

A

L. common carotid a.

100
Q

What is number 1?

A

Right External jugular vein

101
Q

What is number 2?

A

Subclavian vein

102
Q

What is number 3?

A

Right brachiospalic vain

103
Q

What is number 4?

A

Cranial vena cava

104
Q

What is number 5?

A

Caudal vena cava

105
Q

What happens to the Lymph in the body?

A

In general, lymph from all regions of the body is returned to the venous system by two major lymphatic routes:

Thoracic Duct

Right Lymphatic Duct

106
Q

Where does the throracic duct empty?

A

Near the left venous angle.

107
Q

Where does the throracic duct receive lymph?

A

3/4 of the body (except the right half of the head and neck)

108
Q

Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct receive lymph?

A

The right half of the head and neck

109
Q

Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct empty?

A

Near the right venous angle.

110
Q

True or False: There is variations of the thoracic duct and its entrance into the venous system?

A

True

111
Q

What are the 2 unique features of fetal biology that necessite difference in fetal circulation pattern as compared to the adult:

A
  1. Lungs are shrunken, nonfunctional, & present a considerable resistance to blood flow.
  2. Oxygenation (an nutrient-waste exchange) occures in the placenta, which is physically distince from the fetus.
112
Q

What circulatory structures are present in the fetus:

A

Umbilical arteries

Umbilical vein

Ductus Venosus

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

113
Q

Where do the umbilical arteries (left & right pair) originate from?

A

Internal iliac aa.

114
Q

What do the umbilical arteries (left & right pair) do?

A

Carry fetal blood out through the umbilical cord to he placenta for nutrient-waste exchange.

115
Q

What does the umbilical vein do?

A

Returns fetal blood from the placenta to the fetus.

116
Q

Where does the umbilical vein travel?

A

From the umbilical cord to the liver and continues through the liver as a channel, the ductus venosus.

117
Q

Where does the umbilical vein travel through?

A

Ductus venosus, which is a channel through the liver.

118
Q

What is the Foramen ovale?

A

A passage through the interatrial septum.

119
Q

What is the purpose of the Foramen ovale?

A

A passage through the interatrial septum, which allows some of the blood to bypass the lungs by flowing directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.

120
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A

A vascular connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.

121
Q

What is the purpose of the ductus arteriosus?

A

Allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the nonfunctional lungs and pass directly into the aorta.

122
Q

What is number 1?

A

Umbilical arteries

123
Q

What is number 2?

A

Umbilicus

124
Q

What is number 3?

A

Umbilical vein

125
Q

What is number 4?

A

Ductus venosus

126
Q

What is number 5?

A

Foramen ovale

127
Q

What is number 6?

A

Ductus arteriosus

128
Q

What can you say about the oxygen level at number 7?

A

Highest O2

129
Q

What is number 1?

A

Pulmnary Trunk

130
Q

What is number 2?

A

Ductus Arteriosus

131
Q

What is number 3?

A

Aorta

132
Q

What is number 1?

A

Caudal Vena Cava

133
Q

What is number 2?

A

Cranial Vena Cava

134
Q

What is number 3?

A

Foramen Ovale

135
Q

What can be seen in the image?

A

Opened valve of the Foramen Ovale

136
Q

Changes at birth:

Lungs inflate resulting in decreased pulmonary resistance & increased pulmonary blood flow.

What happens?

A

Venous return to the left atrium increases causing the functional closure of the foramen ovale

(presure in the left atrium holds thin flap of endocardium [valve of the forame ovale] tightly against opening of foramen ovale)

137
Q

Changes at birth:

Increased [O2] causes smooth muscle contraction in the wall of __________, resulting in their functional closure?

A

Umbilical arteries

Umbilical vein & ductus venosus

Ductus arteriosus

138
Q

What happens to fetal circulatory sturcturs that have not adult function?

A

Gradually replaced with Connective Tissue.

139
Q

What happens to the pre-bladder portions of the umbilical arteries?

A

Typically regress to form the round ligaments of the urinary bladder, but may remian patent supplying the cranial vesical arteries.

140
Q

What happens to the post-bladder (between the bladder and umbilicus) portions of the umbilical arteries?

A

Usually regress beyond recognition.

141
Q

The umbilical vein becomes?

A

round ligament of the liver

a fibrous cord that courses within the falciform ligament from the umbilicus to the liver

142
Q

The Ductus venosus becomes?

A

ligamentum venosusm

a fibrous cord

143
Q

The Ductus arteriosus becomes?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

144
Q

The Foramen ovale becomes?

A

fibroses to become the Fossa ovalis

some individulas it may not seal off, but this is not generally pathological because intra-atrial pressure on the left side keeps it physically closed.

145
Q

What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 1?

A

Fetal: Umbilical arteries

After Birth: Round ligament of urinary bladder

146
Q

What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 2?

A

Fetal: Umbilical arteries

After Birth: Obliterated in adult

147
Q

What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 3?

A

Fetal: Umbilical vein

After Birth: Round ligament of liver

148
Q

What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 4?

A

Fetal: Ductus venosus

After Birth: Ligamentum venosum

149
Q

What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 5?

A

Fetal: Forament ovale

After Birth: Fossa ovalis

150
Q

What is this fetal structure and what does it change to after birth, at number 6?

A

Fetal: Ductus arteriosus

After Birth: Ligamentum arteriosum

Gross Anatomy I (18 decks)

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