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BU Anatomy > Head and Neck: Triangles > Flashcards

Head and Neck: Triangles Flashcards

1
Q

Sternocleidomastoid attachments

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone
Sternum
Clavicle

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2
Q

Innervation of SCM

A

Spinal accessory nerve i.e CN XI

*Same innervation as trapezius

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3
Q

Action of SCM

A

Bilateral - cervical flexion

Unilateral - lateral flexion to same side and rotation to opposite side

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4
Q

Scalene attachments

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

First two ribs

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5
Q

Scalene Actions

A

Bilateral: assist in neck flexion; raise first 2 ribs

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6
Q

Scalene innervation

A

Ventral Rami of Cervical nerves

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7
Q

Scalenes are found where?

A

Anterior, Middle and Posterior scalenes are deep to SCM

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8
Q

What accessory function do scalenes serve?

A

Assist in respiration

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9
Q

Name the (4) infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Omohyoid and Thyrohyoid

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10
Q

Name the (4) suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, Digastric, Stylohyoid and Geniohyoid

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11
Q

Thyrohyoid receives a different innervation than the rest of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

CN XII - hypoglossal nerve

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12
Q

Thyroid gland produces what two hormones?

A

Thyroid hormone - controls rate of metabolism

Calcitonin - controls calcium metabolism

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13
Q

What structure is located just deep to thyroid hormone?

A

Parathyroid glands

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14
Q

Parathyroid glands produce what hormone?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - regulates Ca2+ metabolism

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15
Q

Platysma attachments

A

Subcutaneous tissue of supra/infra clavicular regions

Base of mandible, skin of cheek, angle of mouth and orbicularis oris

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16
Q

Action of Platysma

A

Superior attachment - tenses the skin

Inferior attachment - depresses the mandible and draw corners of mouth inferiorly i.e grimace

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17
Q

Platysma innervation

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve

To Zanzibar By Motor Car

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18
Q

Cervical plexus made of which spinal nerves?

A

C1-C4

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19
Q

Name (4) cutaneous branches of Cervical Plexus

“Tom Go Lick Susie”

A

Transverse Cervical n.
Greater Auricular n.
Lesser Occipital n.
Supraclavicular n.

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20
Q

Ansa Cervicalis

A

Found in anterior wall of carotid sheath

Innervates 3/4 infrahyoid muscles

21
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5 innervates the diaphragm

22
Q

Branches of cervical plexus emerge from where?

A

Posterior border of SCM = Erb’s point

23
Q

Which cranial nerve also emerges from Erb’s point roughly?

A

CN XI - spinal accessory nerve

24
Q

What 2 layers of cervical fascia?

A

Superficial and deep

25
Q

Superficial cervical fascia contains?

A

cutaneous nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, fat and platysma

26
Q

What 3 layers of deep cervical fascia?

A

Superficial = investing
Pretracheal
Prevertebral

27
Q

Superfical (investing) layer of deep cervical fascia contains?

A

SCM and trapezius muscle

28
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia has what 2 layers?

A

Muscular layer - surrounding infrahyoid muscles
Visceral layer - surrounding thyroid gland and trachea

*Pretracheal fascia extends from hyoid bone into thorax and blends with fibrous pericardium covering the heart

29
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

Thin posterior lamina of pretracheal fascia (visceral layer) that separates the esophagus from the prevertebral fascia

30
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A

Last layer of deep cervical fascia that invests scalenes, deep back muscles, and vertebrae

31
Q

Alar fascia

A

As prevertebral fascia continues medially anterior to the vertebrae it splits into two layers; layer against vertebral body = prevertebral fascia and layer anterior to it = alar fascia

32
Q

Retropharyngeal space

A 
Borders: 
Anterior - buccopharyngeal fascia 
Posterior - alar fascia 
Lateral - carotid sheaths
Superior - base of skull
Inferior - mediastinum
33
Q

Carotid sheath

A

Contains common carotid artery, internal carotid a., Internal jugular vein, Vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes; formed partially by prevertebral fascia of the deep cervical fascia

34
Q

Prevertebral Space

A

*a.k.a Danger Space 4
Anterior border - Alar fascia
Posterior border - prevertebral fascia
Continous from base of skull thru thorax till diaphragm

35
Q

Posterior triangle borders

A

SCM, Clavicle, and Trapezius

36
Q

2 sub triangles within Posterior Triangle

A

Occipital

Omoclavicular = Subclavicular

37
Q

Occipital triangle borders

A

SCM, Trapezius, and inferior belly of omohyoid

38
Q

Occipital triangle contents

A 
Branches of cervical plexus
Trunks of brachial plexus 
CN XI
Transverse cervical artery 
Cervical lymph nodes 
EJV
39
Q

Omoclavicular = Subclavicular triangle borders

A

SCM, Clavicle, and inferior belly of omohyoid

40
Q

Omoclavicular = Subclavicular triangle contents

A

Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
Suprascapular artery
Supraclavicular lymph nodes

41
Q

Anterior triangle borders

A

SCM, Mandible and midline of neck

*subdivided by omohyoid and digastric muscles

42
Q

Carotid triangle borders

A

SCM, Posterior belly of digastric, Superior belly of Omohyoid

43
Q

Carotid triangle contents

A

Carotid sheath, ansa cervicalis, hypoglossal nerve CN XII, sympathetic trunk

44
Q

Muscular triangle borders

A

Midline of neck, Hyoid bone, Superior belly of omohyoid and SCM

45
Q

Contents of muscular triangle

A

Infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

46
Q

Submandibular triangle borders

A

Mandible, Both bellies of digastric muscles

47
Q

Submandibular triangle contents

A

Submandibular gland
Facial artery
Facial vein
Submandibular lymph nodes

48
Q

Submental triangle border

A

Hyoid bone and Anterior bellies of Digastric muscles

49
Q

Submental triangle contents

A

Anterior Jugular Vein

Submental lymph nodes

BU Anatomy (15 decks)

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