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BU Anatomy > Head and Neck: Pharyngeal Apparatus > Flashcards

Head and Neck: Pharyngeal Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

Where do neural crests migrate

A

Into pharyngeal arches

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2
Q

What makes up the pharyngeal apparatus

A

Pharyngeal arch, pouch and cleft and membranes

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3
Q

What does each arch contain?

A

Cranial Nerve
Aortic arch artery
Cartilage

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4
Q

What is the pharyngeal cleft/groove?

A

Invagination of the ectoderm

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5
Q

Pharyngeal pouch?

A

outpocketings of endoderm

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6
Q

How do flat bones of face and skull form?

A

Intramembranous ossification

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7
Q

What is housed in the mesenchymal core of each arch?

A

Neural crest cells
Paraxial mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm

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8
Q

1st pharyngeal arch

A

Mandibular arch; largest

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9
Q

What 2 prominences make up the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

Maxillary prominence

Mandibular prominence

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10
Q

Does the maxillary or mandibular cartilage component remain in the adult?

A

The maxillary cartilage regresses (palatopterygoquadrate)

Mandibular -meckel’s cartilage remains

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11
Q

Meckel’s cartilage derivatives in adult (mandibular prominence)

A

Incus
Malleus
*** bone develops by endochondral ossification (cartilage model first)

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12
Q

Perichondrium of Meckel’s cartilage derivatives

A

Anterior ligament of malleus

Sphenomandibular ligament

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13
Q

Maxillary prominence derivatives

A

Maxillary bone
Zygomatic bone
Palatine bone
Squamous portions of temporal bone

**formed by intramembranous ossification

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14
Q

Mandibular prominence derivatives

A

by intramembranous ossification - mandible

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15
Q

Muscles derived from pharyngeal arch 1

A 
Masticatory muscles:
Temporalis, Masseter, Medial and Lateral Pterygoids
Tensor Veli Palatini
Tensor Tympani
Ant. belly Digastric 
Mylohyoid
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16
Q

Cranial nerve of Arch 1

A

CN V - sensory to face and motor to muscles of arch 1

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17
Q

Skeletal components derived from cartilage of Arch 2 - Reichert’s cartilage

A

Stapes
Styloid process (endochondral ossification)
Stylohyoid ligament (perichondrium derived)
Lesser horn and upper body of hyoid

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18
Q

Muscles derived from Arch 2

A

All muscles of Facial Expression
Stapedius
Stylohyoid
Posterior belly of digastric

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19
Q

Cranial nerve of Arch 2

A

Facial Nerve CNVII

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20
Q

Innervation of Ant. Digastric

A

Comes from Arch 1 - so V

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21
Q

Innervation of Post. Digastric

A

Comes from Arch 2 - so VII

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22
Q

Skeletal component of 3rd Arch

A

Greater horn and lower half of body of hyoid bone

**remember lesser horn and upper half of hyoid bone body came from 2nd arch

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23
Q

Muscle component of 3rd arch

A

STYLOPHARYNGEUS

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24
Q

Cranial nerve of 3rd arch

A

CN IX -glossopharyngeal nerve

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25
Q

Skeletal component of arches 4/6

A

Laryngeal cartilages

*thought to come from lateral plate mesoderm

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26
Q

Muscular component of arches 4/6

soft palate

A 
Soft palate:
Levator veli palatini
Uvulae
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
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27
Q

Muscular component of arches 4/6

Pharynx

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictors
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

28
Q

Muscular component of arches 4/6

Larynx

A 
Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid
Posterior crico-arytenoid
Lateral crico-arytenoid
Transverse and oblique arytenoids
Vocalis
29
Q

Cranial nerve of Arches 4/6

A

Vagus Nerve CN X

30
Q

Arch Artery 1

A

Maxillary artery

31
Q

Arch Artery 2

A

Stapedial artery

Hyoid Artery

32
Q

Arch Artery 3

A

MAJOR: Common carotid , ECA and proximal part of ICA

33
Q

Arch Artery 4

A

Left -arch of aorta + l. subclavian

Right - proximal r. subclavian

34
Q

Arch Artery 6

A

Ductus arteriosus

Pulmonary arteries

35
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch

A

associated with endoderm

36
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 1

A

Tubotympanic recess

*epithelial lining of tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube

37
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 2

A

Epithelium of palatine tonsil

38
Q

Pharyngeal Cleft 1

A

epithelial lining of External acoustic meatus

39
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 3

A

complicated by developing a dorsal and ventral region

dorsal: Inferior parathyroid gland

Ventral: Thymus (stroma)

40
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 4

A

Dorsal: Superior parathyroid gland
Ventral: Ultimobranchial body -> parafollicular cells

41
Q

Pharyngeal membrane

A

Tympanic membrane

42
Q

Tongue is derived from which primordial tissue

A

Endoderm

43
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue comes from which pharyngeal arch

A

Arch 1

44
Q

Arch 1 contributions to tongue formation

A

2 lateral swellings and 1 median lingual swelling

**Lateral swellings overgrow and fuse in midline to cover the median bud

45
Q

Dividing line between anterior and posterior tongue

A

Terminal sulcus

46
Q

Which arches contribute to posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Root of tongue is formed by third/fourth arches

47
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue innervated by which nerve

A

GSA: CN V

SA (taste): CN VII

48
Q

Posterior 1/3 of tongue innervated by which nerve(s)

A

GSA and SA(taste):
Arch 3- CN IX -glossopharyngeal
Arch 4 - CN X

49
Q

All muscles of tongue receive innervation from which cranial nerve?

A

CN XII - hypoglossal nerve

**except palatoglossus

50
Q

Thyroid gland is derived from which primordial tissue type

A

Begins as a thickening of endoderm (diverticula)

51
Q

What connects the foramen cecum in tongue to thyroid gland

A

The thyroglossal duct

52
Q

Follicular vs. Parafollicular cells of thyroid origin

A

Follicular cells come from endoderm (thyroid)

Parafollicular cells (parathyroid) come from ultimobranchial body off of 4th pharyngeal pouch

53
Q

Branchial cysts/fistulas

A

remnants of the cervical sinus which typically regresses

**typically found on anterior border of SCM

54
Q

Thyroglossal cyst

A

remnant of thyroglossal duct between tongue and thyroid gland; always midline; sinus or fistula

55
Q

First Arch Syndrome

A

abnormal development of first arch;
Treacher Collins Syndrom
Robin Sequence

56
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome

A

hypoplasia of zygomatic bone; mandibular hypoplasia

57
Q

Robin Sequence

A

Triad complex:
poor growth of mandible causes
high, posteriorly placed tongue
prevents palatine shelves fusion = cleft palate

58
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

failure of 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouch differentiation

= thymus hypoplasia
absence of parathyroid glands (calcium regulation problems)

59
Q

Borders of the stomadeum

A

Upper border: Frontonasal placod
Lateral borders: 2 maxillary prominences
Caudal border: 2 mandibular prominences

60
Q

Nasal placode

A

thickening of surface ectoderm; mark site of future nasal cavities

61
Q

Nasal placode = olfactory placode undergoes what changes?

A

Invaginates to form nasal pit

62
Q

What structures surround the nasal pits?

A

Medial and Lateral nasal prominences surround the nasal pit derived from nasal placode

63
Q

What structure separates the lateral nasal prominence from adjacent maxillary prominence?

A

Nasolacrimal groove!

64
Q

What does the nasolacrimal groove become?

A

Nasolacrimal duct connect medial corner of eye to inferior meatus

65
Q

Which nasal prominences fuse in the midline?

A

Medial nasal prominences fuse to give rise to intermaxillary segment

66
Q

What (3) structures does the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

Philtrum of lip
Upper jaw - four incisors = premaxilla
Primary palate

67
Q

By what mechanism does bone develop in all of hard palate

A

Intramembranous ossification

BU Anatomy (15 decks)

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