Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

What is anatomical position? Position of limbs?

Answer 1

Supine (on your back) with arms supinate do and toes pointing forward.

Question 2

Sagittal sections divide the body into?

Answer 2

Left and right

Question 3

Frontal = coronal

Answer 3

Divides body into front and back

Question 4

Transverse sections

Answer 4

Horizontal section

Question 5

Superior and inferior

Answer 5

Rostral and caudal

Question 6

Anterior and posterior

Answer 6

Ventral and Dorsal

Question 7

In the middle vs off to the side

Answer 7

Medial vs. lateral

Question 8

Extrinsic muscle

Answer 8

Has its insertion or maybe origin outside the region of interest

Intrinsic - both attachments occur in region of interest

Question 9

Valgus

Answer 9

Deviation away from midline (l for lateral)

Question 10

Varus

Answer 10

Deviation of distal bone towards the midline

Question 11

Which plane does F/E occur in?

Answer 11

The Sagittal plane

Question 12

Abduction vs adduction

Answer 12

ABduct away from midline

ADduct towards midline

Question 13

Internal vs external rotation

Answer 13

Internal- ventral surface towards median

External - ventral surface away from median

Question 14

Isometric contraction

Answer 14

Muscle contracts but no shortening of the muscle occurs

Question 15

Concentric contraction

Answer 15

Contraction is occurring with shortening of the muscle

Question 16

Eccentric contraction

Answer 16

Tension generated while muscle is lengthened.

Question 17

Axial skeleton

Answer 17

Skull, spinal column, rib cage

Question 18

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 18

Shoulder girdle and long bones of the arm/ Pelvic girdle and long bones of the leg

Question 19

Fibrous Joints

Answer 19

least mobile of the 3 classifications

Includes: suture (skull bones), syndesmosis (radius/ulna or tibia/fibula) and gomphosis (tooth socket)

Question 20

Cartilaginous = Fibrocartilaginous Joints

Answer 20

Synchondrosis = growth plate

Symphysis - cartilage remaining in the adult skeleton (i.e intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis)

Question 21

Synovial Joints

Answer 21

Most mobile of the 3 classifications

Question 22

Synovial Joints typically include which structure?

Answer 22

A fibrous joint capsule with internal synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid for lubrication of the articulating surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 23

Example of a Plane Joint

Answer 23

Found in intercarpal joints of hand

Question 24

Uniaxial synovial joints include which types (2)?

Answer 24

Hinge - elbow, knee

Pivot - radius, ulna and humerus

Question 25

Biaxial synovial joints include which types (2)?

Answer 25

Condyloid - carpometacarpal joints of hand

Saddle - carpometacarpal of thumb

Question 26

Triaxial joints example?

Answer 26

Ball and Socket - think femur in pelvis or humerus in scapula

Question 27

Hilton’s Law states….?

Answer 27

nerves that supply a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint AND skin overlying the joint