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BU Anatomy > Head and Neck: Neuroembryology > Flashcards

Head and Neck: Neuroembryology Flashcards

1
Q

Trilaminar Embryonic Disc forms because of which process?

A

Gastrulation - invasion of the epiblast cells

Formation of 3 layers; ecto, endo and mesoderm

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2
Q

Notochord induce what change in embryo?

A

Notochord + paraxial mesoderm induce ectoderm–> neural plate

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3
Q

Epidermis and derivatives

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

Epithelial linings of mouth/rectum

A

Ectoderm

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5
Q

Cornea and lens

A

Ectoderm

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6
Q

Nervous system

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

Renal medulla

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

Tooth enamel

A

Ectoderm

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9
Q

Epithelial linings of pituitary and pineal

A

Ectoderm

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10
Q

Epithelial linings of gut, allantois, respiratory tract, urinary bladder/urethra, tympanic cavity and auditory tube

A

Endoderm

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11
Q

Parenchym of thyroid, parathyroids, liver and pancreas

A

Endoderm

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12
Q

Reticular stroma of tonsils and thymus

A

Endoderm

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13
Q

Connective tissue, bone, cartilage

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q

Smooth and striated muscle

A

Mesoderm

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15
Q

Blood and lymph cells/vessels

A

Mesoderm

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16
Q

Kidneys and Gonads

A

Mesoderm

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17
Q

Cortex of adrenal gland

A

Mesoderm

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18
Q

Spleen

A

Mesoderm

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19
Q

Neurulation

A

Neural plate bunches up and begins to fold first into neural groove and then neural tube + production of neural crest cells

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20
Q

How does the neural plate form the neural tube

A

Due to cadherins and their association to the cytoskeleton of the cell

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21
Q

Cadherins

A

Homophilic binding partners; use Ca2+;

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22
Q

Main reason for neural tube formation in that particular pattern

A

Differential expression of cadherin across the plate results in tubular arrangement eventually

23
Q

Neural tube defect

A

Lack of closure of either rostral or caudal neuropore

24
Q

Describe the types of NTDs

A

Spina bifida - occulta

Spina bifida - cystica

25
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

Failure of vertebral arch to close (problem with laminae) but spinal cord still enclosed within meningeal coverings

26
Q

Spina bifida cystica

A

Outpouching of the dura with or without spinal cord

27
Q

Meningomyelocele

A

Spinal cord + meninges outpouch through opening in vertebral column

28
Q

Myeloschisis

A

absence of proper signaling to form the neural tube

29
Q

Anencephaly

A

failure of rostral neural pore to close

30
Q

Role of apoptosis

A

Needed for neural tube closure in dorsal aspect of tube

31
Q

Paraxial Mesoderm

A

develop into somites

32
Q

Somites

A

Dermatome - dermis
Scleratome - cartilage/bone
Myotome - skeletal muscle

33
Q

3 primary vesicles

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

34
Q

Mesencephalic flexure

A

between mesencephalon and rhombencephalon

35
Q

Cervical flexure

A

between rhombencephalon and spinal cord

36
Q

Pontine Flexure

A

between metencephalon and myelencephalon

37
Q

Prosencephalon

A

telencephalon

and diencephalon

38
Q

Neural Crest Cells

A

Multipotent

39
Q

Neural crest cell derivatives

A 
Sensory ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia
Cartilage and bone
Connective tissue
Endocrine cells
Pigment cells
PNS sensory neurons, supportive cells and autonomic ganglia 
DRG!!
40
Q

Germinal neuroepithelium

A

Pseudostratifed epithelium

41
Q

Mantle zone

A

Germinal neuroepithelium produces neurons = neuroblasts that migrate laterally

42
Q

Ventricular Zone

A

Germinal neuroepithelium becomes the Ventricular Zone and eventually the ependymal lining

43
Q

Marginal zone

A

white matter tracts surrounding the mantle zone

44
Q

Alar plate

A

Sensory, dorsal portion of developing SC

45
Q

Basal plate

A

Motor, ventral portion of developing SC

46
Q

Sulcus limitans

A

dividing line between alar and basal plates

47
Q

Cerebellum formation

A

Alar plate neuroblasts migrate dorsally and fuse in midline - form cerebellar cortex

48
Q

Diencephalon

A

formed by alar plate derivatives

49
Q

Diencephalon derivatives/ parts

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

50
Q

Sulci in diencephalon

A

Epithalamic sulcus

Hypothalamic sulcus

51
Q

Telencephalon

A

Alar plate derivative

52
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Thickening of the mantle

53
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Marginal layer invaded by migrating neuroblasts

54
Q

Lamina terminalis

A

Connection between both hemispheres

Corpus callosum and anterior commissure

BU Anatomy (15 decks)

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