Head and Neck (General) Part 7 Flashcards
Cricothyroid– Where is it located and what innervates it?
What does the recurren laryngeal n do?
Between cricocartilage and thyroid cartilage.
Superior Laryngeal n. CN 10
Recurrent laryngeal n. adjusts tension of the vocal ligaments–opens and closes the rima vestibuli
3 functions of the larynx and how it does it.
Effort closure–air is retained in the thorax (Heavy lifting).
Swallowing–Epiglottis swings downward, Larynx moves up and forward.
Phonation–vocal folds vibrate against each other, sounds are modified by upper airway and oral cavity.
Explain damage to vagus nerve.
Damage to one side of vagus creates a hoarse voice because vocal muscles are lost on one side. The rest of the body can compensate for the rest of the loss.
Pharyngeal m. What do the constrictors do?
Swallowing to begin digestion. Peristaltic contractions begin here.
Name the Longitudinal muscles of the laryngopharynx.
Stylopharyngeus.
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus.
Pharynx
Where does this region reside?
What are the three portions of the pharynx?
Posterior to larynx, oral, and nasal cavities.
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx.
Nose Describe the external and internal portions.
Bone and cartilage.
Nasal septum divides into two cavities, Respiratory and olfactory areas.
What are the four componenets of the external nose.
Bony structures, Not easily broken, Nasal bones, Nasal process of maxilla, Nasal part of frontal bone.
Apex-Elastic cartilage.
Alae-Nares, elastic
Nasal septum.
Nasal cavities 3 components.
Vestibule–Skin lining.–stratified squamous epithelium
Muscous membrane–first line of defense against invasion.
Boundaries–Choanae, external nares, and nasal septum.
Concha bones, seashell shaped, spiraled, spirals put pressure on air. Pushes particles to sides in mucous. Normally, mucous drains down the throat and digested.
Sphenopalatine art.
Terminal branch of the maxillary
Artery of epistaxis–nosebleeds. Seasonal-dry mucosa. Put cotton swab under lip to redirect blood flow.
Innervation of nasal cavity.
Olfaction )smell) Olfactory nerves superior nasal concho. Only appear in superior nasal concha and superior septum.
Olfactory bulbs are the only two bipolar nerves.
General sense of nose. Branches of Maxillary (V2).
One of two central neurons that can regenerate. Hippocampus (memory formation.)
Infants develop smell very early.
Nasopharynx
3 components.
Respiratory function–superior to soft palate.
Choanae.
Pharyngeal tonsils.
Termination of auditory tube.
Oral Cavity Boundaries.
Lips Cheeks Hard and soft palate. Tongue and muscles. Palatoglossal arch Paltopharyngeal arch.
Alveolar n runs through the
Mandibular foramen.
Teeth
three parts
Crown–enamel calcium phosphate, refined sugars breakd down enamel, dentine gelatinous and hard, Pulp cavity Neurovascular structure (pain).
Root–Peridentium–periodontal membrane anchored to bone by alveolar cement. Cement. Root canal Injury or infection kills tooth. Lower structures are still alive causing pain. Drill huge canal and insert cement.
Neck.
