Facial Muscles of Expression

Question 1

The face is divided into quadrants by what axis?

Answer 1

The face extends from ear to ear and from the point of the chin to the normal hairline.

Question 2

What nerve senses the sensations of the face and controls facial expression? and branches What does it feel?

Answer 2

Trigeminal Nerve. V1 Ophthalmic N. V2 Maxillary N. V3 Mandibular N. Pain stimuli–not just touch. ie. toothache, brain freeze.

Question 3

Name the 10 functions of facial muscles.

Answer 3

1 Facial expression of emotions. 2. Sphincters 3. Dilators 4. Protection (muscles around eyes) 5. Respiration (mouth and nose) 6. Feeding 7. Speech 8. Non-Verbal communication 9. Social behavior 10. Self/species preservation.

Question 4

What causes wrinkles?

Answer 4

Muscle atrophy. Muscles become loosely attached to skin.

Question 5

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 5

Frontalis M.

Skin of eyebrow, Aponeurosis under scalp.

CN VII

Very strong m., lifts eyebrows.

Question 6

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 6

Orbicularis Oculi M–Palpebral part (eyebrow)

Media Palpebral lig, Lateral palpebral raphe m.

CN VII

Contraction closes eye. Active for protection. No wrinkles. Inner part of muscle only.

Question 7

Name (outer) Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 7

Obicularis Oculi M.–Orbital part (around eyes)

Nasal part of Frontal Bone/Frontal process of Maxilla

CN VII

Forcible closure of eye.

Question 8

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 8

Nasalis Muscle/Transverse part.

Maxilla lateral to nose, Midline/dorsum of nose

CN VII

Flares nostrils (opens to let more air in for respiration. esp running)

Question 9

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 9

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi M. (longest name)

Maxilla, Alar cartilage of nose and upper lip.

CN VII

Disgust face. More for emotional processing. Skin surrounds nose and ala of nose goes up.

Question 10

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 10

Lavator Labii Superioris M.

Maxilla, Skin of upper lip/orbicularis oris m

CN VII

Lateral to long name m. Maxilla is fixed point. This muscle hides. Curls lip and can pull it back too.

Question 11

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 11

Zygomatic Major Muscle

Zygotmatic Bone (arch), Skin at corner of the mouth/Orbicularis oris.

CN VII

Smiling muscle. superior and posterior movement.

Question 12

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 12

Zygomatic Minor Muscle

Zygomatic Bone, Skin at corner of mouth/Orbicularis oris m.

CN VII

Smiling muscle

Question 13

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 13

Buccinator M.

Maxilla/Pterygomandibular lig, Angle of mouth(deep)/ Orbicularis oris m. CN VII

Pulls cheek in. (miles davis, dizzy galespy)

Question 14

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 14

Risorius M.

Fascia over masseter m., Skin of corner of mouth.

CN VII

Subtle, Mona Lisa smile. Blends with tissue of carotid gland, and becomes continuous with platysma.

Question 15

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 15

Orbicularis M.

Muscle fibers surround the mouth, Integument of lips/adjacent muscles.

CN VII

Sphincter m., closes mouth. Surrounds mouth. Can tighten lips. Succling instinct. Purse lips forward.

Question 16

What happens if the Orbicularis M. does not develop properly?

Answer 16

Cleft lip–mid-line defect. Lip is split. Can be coupled with cleft palate. High cause of infant mortality in developing countries.

Question 17

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 17

Depressor Angulloris M.

Mandible, Skin at the corner of the mouth/ adjacent muscles.

CN VII

Contract in conjucntion with Depressor Labii Inferioris M. Depresses lips in inferior direction and retracts backwards.

Question 18

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 18

Depressor Labii Inferioris M.

Mandile, Integument of Lower lip/Adjacent muscles.

CN VII

Despresses lips in inferior direction and retracts backwards.

Question 19

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 19

Mentalis M.

Mandible/Incisive fossa, Skin of chin.

CN VII

Most anterior muscle. Contours chin. Dimpled chin. Constant tone. Not used for anything else.

Question 20

Name Attachments Nerve purpose

Answer 20

Platysma M.

Superficial fascia–Clavicle and pectoralis, Fascia lower mandible, skin of lower face.

CN VII

Contours neck, pulls skin tight, holds components of neck in.

Question 21

What happens if the Facial Nerve, CN VII is damaged?

Answer 21

Lesions or impinging of Facial N. CN VII, can happen in brain from stroke or closer to face near carotid gland. Lose function–sagging of face== Bell’s palsy.