Head and Neck (General) Part 2 Flashcards
Dural Arterial Supply
What are the three arteries that supply the dura mater?
What foramen does the second one pass through?
What do they not supply?
Anterior meningeal art. Middle Meningeal art. Foramen spinosum Posterior meningeal art. Does not supply the brain. Dura mater gets blood.
Dural Innervation
What is the nerve that supplies the dura mater?
Name its 3 branches.
What does the V stand for?
Name the second nerve.
Trigeminal Nerve V1 Opthalmic V2 Maxillary V3 Mandibular V= CN: 5 Vagus Nerve
Name the four lobes of the brain, their function, and geographic significance.
Frontal Lobe–Planning/preparing motor activity. Pre-central gyrus–motor region. Prefrontal region–appropriate emotions, life planning.
Parietal Lobe–Central sulcus (separates frontal and parietal), Post central gyrus–Motor execution (flex arm).
Occipital Lobe–Primary visual cortex, Calcarine fissure–important in visual recognition. Below fissure sees upper vision, and Above fissure sees lower vision.
Temporal Lobe–Primary auditory cortex, Sylvian fissure–(lateral sulcus) memory and emotion–smell processing.
Brain Hemisection
Describe the Thalamus and its location.
Describe the Corpus Callosum. What does it do?
Located inferior cerebrum, just above the brain stem, central in brain.
It is the grand central station of the brain. All nerves go through there–especially sensory and motor function.
The Corpus Callosum is a C-shaped structure faceing down. It connects neurons between lobes so that they can communicate with each other.
Diencephalon
Describe the functions of the Thalamus and Hypothalamus.
Thalamus–Important relay structure and processing center for sensory information. Numerous nuclei are there.
Hypothalamus–Regulation of autonomic function, controls emotion, and hormone (endocrine) production.
Describe 3 facts of the Cerebellum
Coordinates complex somatic motor patterns.
Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord.
Has 10x’s the neurons in the cerebellum compared to the cerebrum.
Describe 3 facts of the Mesencephalon.
Processing of visual and auditory data.
Generation of reflexive somatic motor responses.
Maintenance of consciousness.
Describe 2 facts of the Pons
Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers.
Describe two facts of Medulla Oblongata and what important nerve is it related to?
Relays sensory information to thalamus and to other portion of the brain stem.
Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function, cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities.
Vagus n.–Injury to medulla oblongata is severely lifethreatening.
The midbrain (posterior) has 5 parts. What are they?
Tectum (roof) Tegmentum (floor) Cerebral peduncles Interpeduncular fossa Cranial Nerve IV
Describe the 3 parts of the Tectum and function.
Corpora quadrigemina–4 bumps, reflex center houses the…
Superior colliculi–Visual center (top 2 bumps)
Inferior colliculi–Auditory center (bottom 2 bumps)
Describe the 2 components of the Tegmentum (floor)
Red nucleus–no one knows…has high iron content.
Substantia nigra–Black, release Dopamine
Cerebral peduncles…what is it? where is it? What does it control?
Large fiber bundle.
One on each side of the midbrain near tectum.
Interprets and refines motor function to muscles.
What travels through the Interpeduncular fossa?
CN: 3 (anterior midbrain)
Where does the Cranial Nerve 4 travel?
Posterior midbrain inferior to inferior colliculi.
