Head and Neck (General) Part 6

Question 1

Ear
What is the outside part made of?
What is the outer part of the ear called? function?

Answer 1

A little hyaline cartilage to support the ear lobe’s elastic cartilage.
The Auricle–captures sound.

Question 2

Middle Ear
Name the the part of the ear that hears and it’s three bones.
Discuss the covers of this part.

Answer 2

Tympanic Membrane–Connective tissue lined with skin on outside. Transitions from outer to inner body. Heals well and quickly because of skin cover.
Malleus
Incus
Stapes. the ossicles change sound waves into mechanical energy.

Question 3

Name two muscles of the middle ear.
Innervation.
Function.

Answer 3

Tensor tympani m.
Mandibular n. (V3) Dampens sounds of chewing. Tightens tympanic membrane to dampen noise when talking or chewing attached to mandible. M. of mastication.

Stapedius
Facial n. (CN 7)
Controls excessive vibration. Excessive noise. Rock and roll face. Limits how much stapes can move. During excessive noise, it tightens to restrict stapes.

Question 4

Innervation Facial N CN 7

2 branches. What do they innverate?

Answer 4

Greater petrosal n.
Parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion.
Nerve to stepedius.
Chorda tympani n.
Special sense (taste). (makes its own route)

Question 5

Inner ear.
Semicircular Canals describe 2 parts.
Cochlea describe 3 parts

Answer 5

Semi—Filled with perilymph. Head position in relation to gravity.
oriented in 3 cardinal planes. Fluid moves where head is. Fluid changes as one ages.

Cochlea–Filled with fluid (endolymph).
Divided into 2 canals (Scala vestibuli, scala tympani)
Organ of hearing.

Question 6

Innervation Vestibulocochlear CN8

What 3 parts does it innervate?

Answer 6

Internal acoustic meatus
Balance
Hearing.

Question 7

Sound goes into the cochlea and stimulates the nerve hairs, name the gateways to the cochlea.

Answer 7

Oval window–sound goes in.

Round window–sound goes out.

Question 8

What is the hyoid?

What are the two muscle classes attached to the hyoid?

Answer 8

The bone of the swallowing mechanism.
Suprahyoid m.
Strap m. – Infrahyoid m.

Question 9

Name the 4 Suprahyoid muscles. Function.

Answer 9

Stylohyoid–Elevates hyoid bone. Facial n.
Digastric m.–Anterior belly, opens mouth, Mandibular n.
Posterior belly, Elevates hyoid, Facial n.
Myolohyoid m.–Supports floor of mouth, V3; nerve to the mylohyoid.
Geniohyoid m.–Elevates hyoid (opens mandible) or depresses mandible, C1 via hypoglossal (nerve rides on top of hypoglossal.

Question 10

Name the 4 Infrahyoid–Strap muscles. Function

Answer 10

Sternohyoid–Depresses hyoid during swallowing, C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis.
Omohyoid–Depresses hyoid, C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis (has a tendon in the middle of the muscle to bend to shoulder.
Thyrohyoid–Lower border of thyroid, depresses hyoid, C1 via hypoglossal.
Sternohthyroid–Pulls larynx downward. Opens and depresses thyroid cartilage. Affects products of sound.

Question 11

What does the ansa cervicalis do?

Answer 11

it loops and sits on Internal Jugular v, common carotid art.

Question 12

Carotid System

Carotid sinus.

Answer 12

Bulge old aro(?) receptor to sense blood pressure to head. Sleeper hold or high collars from bictorian presses on bulge, people faint. Fainting couches.

Question 13

Neck Layers. 3.

Answer 13

Endocrine Layer–Thyroid and parathryoid glands.
Respiratory layer–Larynx and trachea.
Alimentary layer–Pharynx and esophagus.

Question 14

Thyroid Gland
What type of gland is it?
Name the structure that connects the lobes.
Name 2 arteries.. and 3 veins.

Answer 14

Endocrine gland (thyroxin and throcalcitonin..regulates metabolism).
Left and right lobes seperated by an isthmus.
Blood supply via superior and inferior thyroid art.
Drainage by superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins.

Question 15

Parathyroid glands. Function

Answer 15

. Regulates calcium in the blood. Impacts osteoblasts and osteoclsts.

Question 16

Larynx (Skeleton) Mae of hyaline cartilage

4 components.

Answer 16

Hyoid Bone
Thyroid Catilage
Cricoid Cartilage, Completely encircles airway, Important for vocal production.
Epiglottis, Closes airway during swallowing.

Question 17

Paired cartilages. 3

Answer 17

Arytenoid–vibration in vocal production. Elastic and Hyaline.
Corniculate–Move to change pitch, Vibration and anchor vocal fold. Elastic cartilage on apex of arytenoid.
Cuneiform–Vibration. Don’t articulate with other cartilages. Covered by mucosa.

Question 18

Laryngeal Cavity

3 parts of “voice box”

Answer 18

Vestible–covered in mucosa. superior to vestibular folds.
Ventricle–Deadspace between folds where they come together.
Infraglottic cavity–Inferior to vocal folds. Changes space to change resonance.

Question 19

Vocal Folds.

4 parts. and components

Answer 19

Vocal ligament–elastic tissue, Medial edge of lateral cricothyroid ligament.
Vocalis m.–Most medial part of thyroarytenoid m.
Rima glottidis.
Vestibular folds–No vocal function.

Question 20

Laryngeal Muscles

What do the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles do?

Answer 20

Intrinsic
Move laryngeal parts.
Innervated by reccurent laryngeal n.
Extrinsic
Move larynx as a whole.
Infrahyoid muscles depress larynx.
Suprahyoid and stylopharyngeus elevate alrynx.