Head and Neck (General) Part 1

Question 1

When has the skull fully fused?

Answer 1

By age 2

Question 2

How many bones are in the skull?
     How many are immobile?
     Which are mobile? (Name them)
Name the upper dome of the skull.
Name the facial skeleton of the skull.

Answer 2

22 bones
All immobile except,
Mandible

Calvaria

Viscerocranium

Question 3

Name the four bones of the anterior skull

Answer 3

Frontal
Zygomatic
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible

Question 4

Name the 4 lateral bones of the skull.

Answer 4

Temporal
Sphenoid (greater wing)
Lacrimal (in the orbital of the eye)
Parietal

Question 5

Name the posterior bone of the skull

Answer 5

Occipital

Question 6

Name the sutures of the skull and the bones they connect.

Answer 6

Coronal suture–Frontal to both parietal bones.
Squamous suture–Parietal to temporal.
Lambdoid suture–Occipital to both parietal bones.
Sagittal suture–Parietal to parietal.

Question 7

Name the three bones of the inferior skull. With what bones does the second bone articulate?
How does one identify the third bone?

Answer 7

Palatine
Vomer–articulates with palatine and sphenoid.
Sphenoid–has wings.

Question 8

Name the 5 features of the cranial cavity (roof) of the skull
What causes migraines?

Answer 8

Frontal, Parietal, and Occipital bones.
Grooves for arteries and veins–caused by blood flow against soft bone in the womb.
Falx cerebri (seam that separates the right from the left)

Migraines and headaches occur when a nerve is pushed against the dura mater.

Question 9

The cranial cavity is divided into what sections?

Name the bone the olfactory nerves travel through.

Answer 9

Anterior, Middle, and Posterior sections.

The ethmoid bone is thin and has little holes for the olfactory nerves to travel through.

Question 10

Anterior cranial fossa.
The Cribiform plate of the Ethmoid…describe what structure it has.
Describe what travels through it.
What major bone sits posterior to it?

What part of the brain sits in this region?
What does it do?
When does it finish developing?

Answer 10

It has foramen in it.
Olfactory nerves travel through it.
Sphenoid bone.

Frontal lobe.
Decision making, processing, thinking.
Develops till 30.

Question 11

Middle cranial fossa

Name four features of the sphenoid, location, and their significance.

Answer 11

Sellica turcica–“Turkish saddle”, center of sphenoid–looks like a saddle or dip. Pituitary gland sits here.

Foramen triangle…
Foramen Ovale–Ant. middle point of triangle, Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (1 of 3 divisions)
Foramen lacerum–most medial, filled with cartilage after birth.
Formen spinosum–Lateral to ovale, Middle meningeal art.–headaches.

Question 12

Posterior Cranial Fossa
Name the four structures of interest.
What travels through them?

Answer 12

Jugular foramen–(jellybean shape), Internal jugular vein, Glossopharyngeal n., Vagus n., Accessory n.
Hypoglossal Canal–Hypoglossal n.
Foramen Magnum–Brainstem and spinal cord, Accessory n.
Clivus–Funnels brainstem into magnum from ant.

Question 13

Describe the unusual path of the Accessory N.

Answer 13

Accessory n. is formed below foramen magnum in CN: 11, and comes up through the magnum and out the jugular foramen. Innervates the trapezius.

Question 14

Describe the intracranial venous structure in the meninges.

Answer 14

Venous sinus.

Drains blood supply to brain. Separation is in the dura mater.

Question 15

Describe the tentorium cerebeli and Falx Cerebri.

Answer 15

Tentroium cerebelli is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior occipital lobes.
(Partitions)

Question 16

Describe the pathology of the sinuses in the brain cavity.

Answer 16

Not much pathology until Meningitis sets in. The fluid in the brain is slow, low pressure, and warm. Thus, it is susceptible to bacterial infection.

Question 17

Arachnoid granulations.
What are they?
What are their function?

Answer 17

It is a broccoli like extension of arachnoid mater primarily in the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus.
They return Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) to circulation. It is a way of getting nutrition and ridding waste. The CSF gets into the blood system and is filtered.