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Head and Neck System > Head and Neck Anatomy Week 2 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Modified synovial hinge

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2
Q

What connects at the TMJ?

A

Condylar process of the mandible

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

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3
Q

What are the movements of the TMJ?

A 
Protractin
Retraction 
Depression
Elevation 
Side to side
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4
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

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5
Q

What shape is the temporalis?

A

Fan shaped

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6
Q

Where is the temporalis located?

A

At the side of the head

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7
Q

What are the attachments of the temporalis?

A

Coronoid process of the mandible

Temporal fossa

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8
Q

What are the attachments of the masseter muscle?

A

Zygomatic bone

Outer surface of the ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

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9
Q

What 2 movements does the masseter create?

A

Elevation

Retraction

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10
Q

Where are the pterygoid muscles attached?

A

To the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

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11
Q

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach?

A

To the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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12
Q

Where does the medial pteryoid muscle attach?

A

To the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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13
Q

What is the movement with contraction of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Retraction

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of mastication?

A

By branches of CNV3

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15
Q

Which is the only division of CNV that carries both sensory and motor fibres?

A

CNV3

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16
Q

What do the motor branches of CNV3 supply?

A

Muscles of mastication

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17
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar n. enter?

A

Mandibular foramen

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18
Q

What is the lingual n. a branch of?

A

CN V3

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19
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Traps pathogens
Humidification
Warms air
Olfaction

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20
Q

Which bone forms the bridge of the nose?

A

Nasal bone

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21
Q

Which bone lies superiorly of the nose as the nasion?

A

Frontal bone

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22
Q

Which bone lies laterally of the nose?

A

Frontal process of the maxilla

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23
Q

Which bones form the roof of the nose?

A

Nasal bones
Part of the frontal bone
Ethmoid bone - forms cribriform plate
Body of sphenoid

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24
Q

Which bones form the floor of the nose?

A

Maxilla

Palatine bones

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25
Q

What is the function of the nasal septum?

A

Divides the nasal cavity in 2

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26
Q

Which bones form the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

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27
Q

What completes the nasal septum anteriorly?

A

Septal nasal cartilage

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28
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?

A

Olfactory nerves pass

CNI

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29
Q

What is the crista gali an attachment for?

A

Falx cerebri

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30
Q

Which bone forms the superior and middle conchae?

A

Ethmoid bone

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31
Q

What is the hard palate formed by?

A

Maxilla and palatine bones

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32
Q

Which epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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33
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction?

A

CN I

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34
Q

Where do axons of CN I pass?

A

Through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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35
Q

What are the projections in the nasal cavity called?

A

Conchae/turbinates

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36
Q

What is the space inferior to the conchae called?

A

Meatuses

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37
Q

Where does the nasal lacrimal duct drain?

A

Inferior conchae

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38
Q

What is the blood supply to the nose?

A

ICA

ECA

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39
Q

What is the clinical significance of the rich blood supply of the nose?

A

Epistaxis

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40
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filed spaces that surround the nasal cavity

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41
Q

What is the mucous lining of the paranasal sinuses? What is the significance of this?

A

Same as the nasal cavity

Useful for trapping and sweeping pathogens

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42
Q

What opens into the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

A

Sphenoid air cells

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43
Q

What opens into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

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44
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

Maxillary
Frontal sinus
Anterior and middle ethmoid air cells

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45
Q

What opens into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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46
Q

Which sinus does not drain as well?

A

Maxillary sinus

47
Q

What is the space between the cheeks and teeth known as?

A

Vestibule

48
Q

Which muscle lies in the lateral walls of the cheeks?

A

Buccinator

49
Q

What n. innervates the buccinator muscle?

A

Facial nerve

50
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Contraction causes pursing of the lips

51
Q

What type of organ is the tongue?

A

Muscular

52
Q

What are the functions of the tongue

A

Speech
Swallowing
Taste
Movement of food during mastication

53
Q

What are the 2 parts of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3

Posterior 1/3

54
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior of the tongue?

A

Terminal sulcus

55
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Point where embryological thyroid begins to descend

56
Q

What is the function of the frenulum?

A

Fixes the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

57
Q

What are the 3 types of papillae on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Filliform
Fungiform
Vallate

58
Q

On which papillae are taste buds not present?

A

Filliform

59
Q

What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

Branch on CN V3

60
Q

What is the taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani (branch of CN VII)

61
Q

What is the posterior general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX

62
Q

What is the taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX

63
Q

What are the two groups of muscles in the tongue?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

64
Q

Where will the intrinsic muscles of the tongue be pinned?

A

Pinned top 2cm

65
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Alter the shape of the tongue

66
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Alter the position of the tongue

67
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Stylglossus
Palatoglossus

68
Q

What are the attachments of the genioglossus?

A

Inner surface of tongue close to midline

69
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus?

A

Protrudes the tongue to the opposite side

70
Q

What is the shape of the genioglossus muscle?

A

Fan shaped muscle

71
Q

What is the innervation of the genioglossus?

A

CN XII

72
Q

What is the attachment of the hyoglossus?

A

Upper border of the hyoid bone

73
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus?

A

Depresses and retracts tongue

74
Q

What is the innervation of the hyoglossus?

A

CN XII

75
Q

What is the attachments of the styloglossus?

A

Styloid process of the mandible

76
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus?

A

Creates trough for swallowing

77
Q

What is the innervation of the styloglossus?

A

CN XII

78
Q

What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

A

Soft palate

79
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

A

Aids swallowing

Prevents spill of saliva

80
Q

What is the innervation of the palatoglossus?

A

CN X

81
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

82
Q

What is the innervation of the parotid gland?

A

CN IX

83
Q

What is the innervation of the sublingual glands?

A

CN VII

84
Q

What is the innervation of the submandibular gland?

A

CN VII

85
Q

What type of tissue makes up the palatine tonsils?

A

Lymphoid tissue

86
Q

Where do the palatine tonsils lie?

A

Between palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arch

87
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

88
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx lie in relation to the voice box?

A

Posteriorly

89
Q

What prevents the bolus entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

A

Upwards movement of the soft palate

90
Q

What prevents the bolus entering the larynx during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

91
Q

What are the 3 layers of the pharynx?

A

Outer muscles layer
Middle fibrous later
Inner mucous membrane

92
Q

What are the muscles of the outer circular layer of the pharynx?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior constrictor muscles

93
Q

What is the function of the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Function to shorten and widen the pharyn

94
Q

What are the inner muscles of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

95
Q

What is the function of the middle fibrous layer of the pharynx?

A

To fill in the gaps between muscles

96
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

CN IX

97
Q

What is the motor innervation to the pharynx?

A

CN X

98
Q

Where are the adenoids located?

A

At the roof of the nasopharynx

99
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Produces sound

100
Q

What does the larynx continue superiorly with?

A

Larygnopharynx

101
Q

What does the larynx continue inferiorly with?

A

Trachea

102
Q

Which cartilage forms the adams apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage

103
Q

At what level is The Adams Apple?

A

C4

104
Q

Which larynx cartilage is paired?

A

Arytenoid

105
Q

Which laryngeal cartilage is a complete ring shape?

A

Cricoid

106
Q

What are the 2 membranes of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid

Thyrohyoid

107
Q

What is the laryngeal inlet composed of?

A

Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic fold
Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate Cartilage

108
Q

What is the innervation of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve (CNX branch)

109
Q

What is the innervation of the rest of the muscles of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X)

110
Q

What would transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve lead to?

A

Loss or weakness of voice

111
Q

Which muscles depress the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Anterior diagastric
Mylohyoid

112
Q

Which muscle elevates the mandible?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

113
Q

What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Elevates the thyroid

Depressed the hyoid bone

Head and Neck System (9 decks)

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