Head and Neck Anatomy Week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What type of joint is the TMJ?
A
Modified synovial hinge
2
Q
What connects at the TMJ?
A
Condylar process of the mandible
Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
3
Q
What are the movements of the TMJ?
A
Protractin Retraction Depression Elevation Side to side
4
Q
What are the 4 muscles of mastication?
A
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
5
Q
What shape is the temporalis?
A
Fan shaped
6
Q
Where is the temporalis located?
A
At the side of the head
7
Q
What are the attachments of the temporalis?
A
Coronoid process of the mandible
Temporal fossa
8
Q
What are the attachments of the masseter muscle?
A
Zygomatic bone
Outer surface of the ramus and coronoid process of the mandible
9
Q
What 2 movements does the masseter create?
A
Elevation
Retraction
10
Q
Where are the pterygoid muscles attached?
A
To the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
11
Q
Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach?
A
To the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
12
Q
Where does the medial pteryoid muscle attach?
A
To the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
13
Q
What is the movement with contraction of the lateral pterygoid?
A
Retraction
14
Q
What is the innervation of the muscles of mastication?
A
By branches of CNV3
15
Q
Which is the only division of CNV that carries both sensory and motor fibres?
A
CNV3
16
Q
What do the motor branches of CNV3 supply?
A
Muscles of mastication
17
Q
Where does the inferior alveolar n. enter?
A
Mandibular foramen
18
Q
What is the lingual n. a branch of?
A
CN V3
19
Q
What are the functions of the nose?
A
Traps pathogens
Humidification
Warms air
Olfaction
20
Q
Which bone forms the bridge of the nose?
A
Nasal bone
21
Q
Which bone lies superiorly of the nose as the nasion?
A
Frontal bone
22
Q
Which bone lies laterally of the nose?
A
Frontal process of the maxilla
23
Q
Which bones form the roof of the nose?
A
Nasal bones
Part of the frontal bone
Ethmoid bone - forms cribriform plate
Body of sphenoid
24
Q
Which bones form the floor of the nose?
A
Maxilla
Palatine bones
25
What is the function of the nasal septum?
Divides the nasal cavity in 2
26
Which bones form the nasal septum?
Vomer
| Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
27
What completes the nasal septum anteriorly?
Septal nasal cartilage
28
What passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?
Olfactory nerves pass
| CNI
29
What is the crista gali an attachment for?
Falx cerebri
30
Which bone forms the superior and middle conchae?
Ethmoid bone
31
What is the hard palate formed by?
Maxilla and palatine bones
32
Which epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
33
Which cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction?
CN I
34
Where do axons of CN I pass?
Through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
35
What are the projections in the nasal cavity called?
Conchae/turbinates
36
What is the space inferior to the conchae called?
Meatuses
37
Where does the nasal lacrimal duct drain?
Inferior conchae
38
What is the blood supply to the nose?
ICA
| ECA
39
What is the clinical significance of the rich blood supply of the nose?
Epistaxis
40
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air filed spaces that surround the nasal cavity
41
What is the mucous lining of the paranasal sinuses? What is the significance of this?
Same as the nasal cavity
| Useful for trapping and sweeping pathogens
42
What opens into the spheno-ethmoidal recess?
Sphenoid air cells
43
What opens into the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoid air cells
44
What drains into the middle meatus?
Maxillary
Frontal sinus
Anterior and middle ethmoid air cells
45
What opens into the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
46
Which sinus does not drain as well?
Maxillary sinus
47
What is the space between the cheeks and teeth known as?
Vestibule
48
Which muscle lies in the lateral walls of the cheeks?
Buccinator
49
What n. innervates the buccinator muscle?
Facial nerve
50
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
Contraction causes pursing of the lips
51
What type of organ is the tongue?
Muscular
52
What are the functions of the tongue
Speech
Swallowing
Taste
Movement of food during mastication
53
What are the 2 parts of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3
| Posterior 1/3
54
What divides the anterior and posterior of the tongue?
Terminal sulcus
55
What is the foramen caecum?
Point where embryological thyroid begins to descend
56
What is the function of the frenulum?
Fixes the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
57
What are the 3 types of papillae on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Filliform
Fungiform
Vallate
58
On which papillae are taste buds not present?
Filliform
59
What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Lingual nerve
| Branch on CN V3
60
What is the taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Chorda tympani (branch of CN VII)
61
What is the posterior general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
CN IX
62
What is the taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
CN IX
63
What are the two groups of muscles in the tongue?
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
64
Where will the intrinsic muscles of the tongue be pinned?
Pinned top 2cm
65
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Alter the shape of the tongue
66
What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Alter the position of the tongue
67
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Stylglossus
Palatoglossus
68
What are the attachments of the genioglossus?
Inner surface of tongue close to midline
69
What is the action of the genioglossus?
Protrudes the tongue to the opposite side
70
What is the shape of the genioglossus muscle?
Fan shaped muscle
71
What is the innervation of the genioglossus?
CN XII
72
What is the attachment of the hyoglossus?
Upper border of the hyoid bone
73
What is the action of the hyoglossus?
Depresses and retracts tongue
74
What is the innervation of the hyoglossus?
CN XII
75
What is the attachments of the styloglossus?
Styloid process of the mandible
76
What is the action of the styloglossus?
Creates trough for swallowing
77
What is the innervation of the styloglossus?
CN XII
78
What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?
Soft palate
79
What is the action of the palatoglossus?
Aids swallowing
| Prevents spill of saliva
80
What is the innervation of the palatoglossus?
CN X
81
What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
82
What is the innervation of the parotid gland?
CN IX
83
What is the innervation of the sublingual glands?
CN VII
84
What is the innervation of the submandibular gland?
CN VII
85
What type of tissue makes up the palatine tonsils?
Lymphoid tissue
86
Where do the palatine tonsils lie?
Between palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arch
87
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
88
Where does the laryngopharynx lie in relation to the voice box?
Posteriorly
89
What prevents the bolus entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?
Upwards movement of the soft palate
90
What prevents the bolus entering the larynx during swallowing?
Epiglottis
91
What are the 3 layers of the pharynx?
Outer muscles layer
Middle fibrous later
Inner mucous membrane
92
What are the muscles of the outer circular layer of the pharynx?
Superior
Middle
Inferior constrictor muscles
93
What is the function of the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
Function to shorten and widen the pharyn
94
What are the inner muscles of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
95
What is the function of the middle fibrous layer of the pharynx?
To fill in the gaps between muscles
96
What is the sensory innervation to the pharynx?
CN IX
97
What is the motor innervation to the pharynx?
CN X
98
Where are the adenoids located?
At the roof of the nasopharynx
99
What is the function of the larynx?
Produces sound
100
What does the larynx continue superiorly with?
Larygnopharynx
101
What does the larynx continue inferiorly with?
Trachea
102
Which cartilage forms the adams apple?
Thyroid cartilage
103
At what level is The Adams Apple?
C4
104
Which larynx cartilage is paired?
Arytenoid
105
Which laryngeal cartilage is a complete ring shape?
Cricoid
106
What are the 2 membranes of the larynx?
Cricothyroid
| Thyrohyoid
107
What is the laryngeal inlet composed of?
Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic fold
Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate Cartilage
108
What is the innervation of the cricothyroid muscle?
Superior laryngeal nerve (CNX branch)
109
What is the innervation of the rest of the muscles of the larynx?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X)
110
What would transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve lead to?
Loss or weakness of voice
111
Which muscles depress the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid
Anterior diagastric
Mylohyoid
112
Which muscle elevates the mandible?
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
113
What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle?
Elevates the thyroid
| Depressed the hyoid bone
