Head and Neck Anatomy Week 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What 3 parts is the skull divided into?
A
Neuro-cranium
Facial skull
Mandible
2
Q
What are the 3 parts of skull bone?
A
Spongy bone
Compact bone
Periosteum
3
Q
Which part of the bone houses red bone marrow?
A
Spongy bone
4
Q
Name the bones of the skull
A
Frontal Sphenoid Temporal Parietal Occipital Ethmoid
5
Q
What type of joint is found between skull bones?
A
Sutures - fibrous joints
6
Q
Where is the sagittal suture found?
A
Between the parietal bones
7
Q
Where is the coronal suture found?
A
Between then frontal and parietal bones
8
Q
Where is the lambdoid suture found?
A
Between the occipital and parietal bones
9
Q
What is the function of facial bones?
A
Give attachment to muscles of the tongue, mastication and pharynx
10
Q
Name the bones of the facial skeleton?
A
Zygomatic Maxilla Nasal Lacrimal Mandible
11
Q
What are the 3 levels of the floor of the skull?
A
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
12
Q
Which irregular bone forms the base of the skull?
A
Sphenoid bone
13
Q
Which parts of the sphenoid bone should you be able to identify?
A
Body Pituitary fossa Greater wing Lesser wing Medial and lateral pterygoid plate
14
Q
What is the pituitary fossa?
A
Dip where the pituitary gland lies
15
Q
Which is the largest foramen of the skull?
A
Foramen magnum
16
Q
What passes through the foramen magnum?
A
Spinal cord
Meninges
Vertebral arteries
17
Q
Name the sinuses of the skull?
A
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
18
Q
Where do the facial sinuses open into?
A
Nasal cavity
19
Q
Where does the scalp extend anteriorly to?
A
Supraorbital margins
20
Q
Where does the scalp extend posteriorly to?
A
Superior nuchal line
21
Q
Where does the scalp extend laterally to?
A
Zygomatic arches
22
Q
What are the layers of the scalp?
A
Skin Connective tissue (dense) Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Pericranium
23
Q
What does the aponeurosis of the skull connect?
A
Anterior (frontal) and posterior (occipital) bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle.
24
Q
What nerve supplies the anterior part of the scalp?
A
V1
25
Which nerve supplies the posterior half of the scalp?
C2 and C3
26
What is the V1 division of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic division
27
What is the V2 division of the trigeminal nerve?
Maxillary division
28
What is the V3 division of the trigeminal nerve?
Mandibular division
29
Which layer of the scalp prevents vessel vasoconstriction?
Connective tissue layer
30
Which arteries supply the scalp and face?
```
Supratrochlear
Supra-orbital
Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital
Facial artery
```
31
What is the supratrochlear artery a branch of?
ICA
32
What is the supra-oribtal a. a branch of?
ICA
33
What is the superficial temporal artery a branch of?
ECA
34
What is the posterior auricular a. a branch of?
ECA
35
What is the occipital a. a branch of?
ECA
36
Do emissary veins contain valves?
No
37
What do emissary veins connect?
Extracranial venous system to intracranial venous system
38
What is the clinical significance of emissary veins?
Provides a route for infection intracranially
39
Name some muscles in the face
```
Frontalis
Temporalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Masseter
Zygomaticus
Lateral and medial pterygoid
```
40
Which nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
CN VII
41
Through which foramen does CNVII exit onto the face?
Stylomastoid foramen
42
What processes lie either side of the stylomastoid foramen?
Mastoid process
| Styloid process
43
Which is the largest salivary gland?
Parotid
44
Is the parotid gland an exocrine or endocrine gland?
Exocrine
45
Where does the parotid gland lie in relation to the masseter muscle?
Anterior to the masseter
46
Which muscle does the parotid duct pierce?
Buccinator
47
Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?
Opposite 2nd molar (maxillary)
48
Which structures enter and leave the parotid gland?
CN VII
ECA
Retromandibular vein
49
What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
50
Which branch of the NS is secretomotor to the parotid salivary gland?
Parasympathetic
51
Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?
CN IX
52
Which nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?
CN VII
53
Through which foramen does V1 exit?
Superior orbital fissure
54
Through which fissure does V2 exit?
Foramen rotundum
55
Through which fissure does V3 exit?
Foramen ovale
56
Which main artery supplies the face and neck?
ECA
57
Which main artery supplies the brain?
ICA
58
What are the 4 compartments of the neck?
Vertebral compartment
Vascular compartment
Visceral compartment
Muscularfacial collar
59
What does the vertebral compartment of the neck contain?
Cervical vertebrae
| Postural muscles
60
What does the vascular compartment of the neck contain?
ICA
IJC
CN.X
61
What does the visceral compartment of the neck contain?
```
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Oesophagus
```
62
How many cervical vertebra are there?
7
63
What type of spinous process do cervical vertebra have?
Bifid
64
What type of curvature is found in the cervical portion of the spine?
Lordosis
65
What is C1 vertebra known as?
Atlas
66
What is C2 vertebrae known as?
Axis
67
What type of joints if the antlanto-occipital joint?
Condylar
68
What type of joint is atlantoaxial joint?
Pivot
| and ellipsoid
69
What passes through the transverse foramen?
Vertebral arteries
| Vertebral veins
70
Which vertebra is palpable from the back of the neck?
C7
71
What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Superiorly – inferior border of the mandible
Laterally – medial border of sternocleidomastoid
Medially – imaginary sagittal line down midline of body
72
What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Anterior – posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior – anterior border of the trapezius muscle
Inferior – middle 1/3 of the clavicle
73
Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate from?
Clavicle
| Manubrium of the sternum
74
When the sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts where does the head tilt?
To the same side as the contraction
75
When the sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts where does the face turn?
To the opposite side of the contracted muscle
76
What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?
Moving, rotating and stabilising the scapula
77
Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trapezius?
CN XI
78
What is the first branch off the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic artery
79
What does the braciocephalic artery bifurcate into?
Right CCA
| Right subclavian artery
80
What is the 2nd branch off the arch of the aorta?
Left CCA
81
What is the 3rd branch off the arch of the aorta?
Left subclavian artery
82
Which structures run alongside the CCA?
Vagus nerve
| IJV
83
At which level does the CCA bifurcate into the ICA and ECA?
C4
84
Which vessel runs more laterally ICA or ECA?
ICA
85
Which vein does the IJV drain into?
Subclavian vein
86
What do the subclavian vein and IJV form?
Brachiocephalic vein
87
Where does the EJV drain into?
Subclavian vein
88
Where does the EJV run in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Superficially
89
From which nerves does the phrenic nerve originate from?
C3,4,5
| Mainly C4
90
What does the phrenic nerve innervate?
Diaphragm
91
Why is the hyoid bone known as the floating bone?
Because it does not articulate with any other bone in the body
92
What are the parts of the hyoid bone?
Greater horns
Lesser horns
Body
93
Name the suprahyoid muscles
Diagastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
94
What are the two parts of the diagastric muscle?
Anterior
| Posterior belly
95
Where are the infrahyoid muscles located?
Inferiorly to the hyoid bone
96
What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?
Depress the hyoid bone
97
Name the infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
98
What are the attachments of the sternohyoid?
Sterhum
| Hyoid bone
99
What are the attachments of the sternothyroid?
Sternum
| Thyroid
100
What are the attachments of the thyrohyoid?
Thyroid
| Hyoid bone
101
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?
Elevate the hyoid bone
102
What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?
C1-C4
103
What is the main vertebral root of the phrenic nerve?
C4
104
Which vertebral roots compose the ansa cervicalis?
C1-C3
105
What does the thyroid gland consist of?
Right and left lobe
| Isthmus
106
What is the isthmus of the thyroid gland?
Bridge between the lobes
107
Which tracheal rings does the isthmus lies over?
2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
108
In which compartment of the neck does the thyroid gland lie?
Visceral compartment
109
What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?
CN VII
110
What is the innervation of the diagastric muscle?
Anterior belly - branch of CNV 3
| Posterior belly - branch of CN VII
111
On which bone is the occipital protuberance found?
Occipital bone
112
On which bone is the mastoid process found?
Temporal bone
113
Between which bones is the zygomatic arch?
Temporal and zygomatic bones
114
On which bone is the styloid process located?
Temporal
115
What are the supratrochlear and suprorbital a. branches of?
Ophthalmic artery
| Branch of ICA
116
Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach?
Mastoid process
117
Name a muscle that depresses the mandible
Diagastric
| Mylohyoid
118
What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?
CN VII
119
What is the innervation of the of the geniohyoid muscle?
CN XII
120
What is the innervation of the mylohyoid muscle?
Mandibular nerve from CN V3
121
What is the innervation of the Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
and Omohyoid?
Ansa cervicalis
122
What is the innervation of the thyrohyoid muscle?
C1
