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Head and Neck System > Head and Neck Anatomy Week 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 parts is the skull divided into?

A

Neuro-cranium
Facial skull
Mandible

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of skull bone?

A

Spongy bone
Compact bone
Periosteum

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3
Q

Which part of the bone houses red bone marrow?

A

Spongy bone

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4
Q

Name the bones of the skull

A 
Frontal 
Sphenoid 
Temporal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Ethmoid
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5
Q

What type of joint is found between skull bones?

A

Sutures - fibrous joints

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6
Q

Where is the sagittal suture found?

A

Between the parietal bones

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7
Q

Where is the coronal suture found?

A

Between then frontal and parietal bones

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8
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture found?

A

Between the occipital and parietal bones

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9
Q

What is the function of facial bones?

A

Give attachment to muscles of the tongue, mastication and pharynx

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10
Q

Name the bones of the facial skeleton?

A 
Zygomatic 
Maxilla 
Nasal 
Lacrimal 
Mandible
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11
Q

What are the 3 levels of the floor of the skull?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

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12
Q

Which irregular bone forms the base of the skull?

A

Sphenoid bone

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13
Q

Which parts of the sphenoid bone should you be able to identify?

A 
Body
Pituitary fossa
Greater wing 
Lesser wing 
Medial and lateral pterygoid plate
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14
Q

What is the pituitary fossa?

A

Dip where the pituitary gland lies

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15
Q

Which is the largest foramen of the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

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16
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord
Meninges
Vertebral arteries

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17
Q

Name the sinuses of the skull?

A

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal

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18
Q

Where do the facial sinuses open into?

A

Nasal cavity

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19
Q

Where does the scalp extend anteriorly to?

A

Supraorbital margins

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20
Q

Where does the scalp extend posteriorly to?

A

Superior nuchal line

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21
Q

Where does the scalp extend laterally to?

A

Zygomatic arches

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22
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin 
Connective tissue (dense) 
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue 
Pericranium
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23
Q

What does the aponeurosis of the skull connect?

A

Anterior (frontal) and posterior (occipital) bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle.

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24
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior part of the scalp?

A

V1

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25
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior half of the scalp?

A

C2 and C3

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26
Q

What is the V1 division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic division

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27
Q

What is the V2 division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Maxillary division

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28
Q

What is the V3 division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mandibular division

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29
Q

Which layer of the scalp prevents vessel vasoconstriction?

A

Connective tissue layer

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30
Q

Which arteries supply the scalp and face?

A 
Supratrochlear 
Supra-orbital 
Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular 
Occipital  
Facial artery
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31
Q

What is the supratrochlear artery a branch of?

A

ICA

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32
Q

What is the supra-oribtal a. a branch of?

A

ICA

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33
Q

What is the superficial temporal artery a branch of?

A

ECA

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34
Q

What is the posterior auricular a. a branch of?

A

ECA

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35
Q

What is the occipital a. a branch of?

A

ECA

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36
Q

Do emissary veins contain valves?

A

No

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37
Q

What do emissary veins connect?

A

Extracranial venous system to intracranial venous system

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38
Q

What is the clinical significance of emissary veins?

A

Provides a route for infection intracranially

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39
Q

Name some muscles in the face

A 
Frontalis 
Temporalis 
Orbicularis oculi 
Orbicularis oris 
Buccinator 
Masseter 
Zygomaticus
Lateral and medial pterygoid
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40
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?

A

CN VII

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41
Q

Through which foramen does CNVII exit onto the face?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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42
Q

What processes lie either side of the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Mastoid process

Styloid process

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43
Q

Which is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid

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44
Q

Is the parotid gland an exocrine or endocrine gland?

A

Exocrine

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45
Q

Where does the parotid gland lie in relation to the masseter muscle?

A

Anterior to the masseter

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46
Q

Which muscle does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator

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47
Q

Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?

A

Opposite 2nd molar (maxillary)

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48
Q

Which structures enter and leave the parotid gland?

A

CN VII
ECA
Retromandibular vein

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49
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

50
Q

Which branch of the NS is secretomotor to the parotid salivary gland?

A

Parasympathetic

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?

52
Q

Which nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

53
Q

Through which foramen does V1 exit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

54
Q

Through which fissure does V2 exit?

A

Foramen rotundum

55
Q

Through which fissure does V3 exit?

A

Foramen ovale

56
Q

Which main artery supplies the face and neck?

57
Q

Which main artery supplies the brain?

58
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral compartment
Vascular compartment
Visceral compartment
Muscularfacial collar

59
Q

What does the vertebral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Cervical vertebrae

Postural muscles

60
Q

What does the vascular compartment of the neck contain?

A

ICA
IJC
CN.X

61
Q

What does the visceral compartment of the neck contain?

A 
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands 
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Trachea 
Oesophagus
62
Q

How many cervical vertebra are there?

63
Q

What type of spinous process do cervical vertebra have?

64
Q

What type of curvature is found in the cervical portion of the spine?

65
Q

What is C1 vertebra known as?

66
Q

What is C2 vertebrae known as?

67
Q

What type of joints if the antlanto-occipital joint?

68
Q

What type of joint is atlantoaxial joint?

A

Pivot

and ellipsoid

69
Q

What passes through the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral arteries

Vertebral veins

70
Q

Which vertebra is palpable from the back of the neck?

71
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superiorly – inferior border of the mandible
Laterally – medial border of sternocleidomastoid
Medially – imaginary sagittal line down midline of body

72
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior – posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior – anterior border of the trapezius muscle
Inferior – middle 1/3 of the clavicle

73
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate from?

A

Clavicle

Manubrium of the sternum

74
Q

When the sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts where does the head tilt?

A

To the same side as the contraction

75
Q

When the sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts where does the face turn?

A

To the opposite side of the contracted muscle

76
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Moving, rotating and stabilising the scapula

77
Q

Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trapezius?

78
Q

What is the first branch off the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic artery

79
Q

What does the braciocephalic artery bifurcate into?

A

Right CCA

Right subclavian artery

80
Q

What is the 2nd branch off the arch of the aorta?

81
Q

What is the 3rd branch off the arch of the aorta?

A

Left subclavian artery

82
Q

Which structures run alongside the CCA?

A

Vagus nerve

IJV

83
Q

At which level does the CCA bifurcate into the ICA and ECA?

84
Q

Which vessel runs more laterally ICA or ECA?

85
Q

Which vein does the IJV drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

86
Q

What do the subclavian vein and IJV form?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

87
Q

Where does the EJV drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

88
Q

Where does the EJV run in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Superficially

89
Q

From which nerves does the phrenic nerve originate from?

A

C3,4,5

Mainly C4

90
Q

What does the phrenic nerve innervate?

91
Q

Why is the hyoid bone known as the floating bone?

A

Because it does not articulate with any other bone in the body

92
Q

What are the parts of the hyoid bone?

A

Greater horns
Lesser horns
Body

93
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles

A

Diagastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

94
Q

What are the two parts of the diagastric muscle?

A

Anterior

Posterior belly

95
Q

Where are the infrahyoid muscles located?

A

Inferiorly to the hyoid bone

96
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depress the hyoid bone

97
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

98
Q

What are the attachments of the sternohyoid?

A

Sterhum

Hyoid bone

99
Q

What are the attachments of the sternothyroid?

A

Sternum

Thyroid

100
Q

What are the attachments of the thyrohyoid?

A

Thyroid

Hyoid bone

101
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevate the hyoid bone

102
Q

What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?

103
Q

What is the main vertebral root of the phrenic nerve?

104
Q

Which vertebral roots compose the ansa cervicalis?

105
Q

What does the thyroid gland consist of?

A

Right and left lobe

Isthmus

106
Q

What is the isthmus of the thyroid gland?

A

Bridge between the lobes

107
Q

Which tracheal rings does the isthmus lies over?

A

2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

108
Q

In which compartment of the neck does the thyroid gland lie?

A

Visceral compartment

109
Q

What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?

110
Q

What is the innervation of the diagastric muscle?

A

Anterior belly - branch of CNV 3

Posterior belly - branch of CN VII

111
Q

On which bone is the occipital protuberance found?

A

Occipital bone

112
Q

On which bone is the mastoid process found?

A

Temporal bone

113
Q

Between which bones is the zygomatic arch?

A

Temporal and zygomatic bones

114
Q

On which bone is the styloid process located?

115
Q

What are the supratrochlear and suprorbital a. branches of?

A

Ophthalmic artery

Branch of ICA

116
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach?

A

Mastoid process

117
Q

Name a muscle that depresses the mandible

A

Diagastric

Mylohyoid

118
Q

What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?

119
Q

What is the innervation of the of the geniohyoid muscle?

120
Q

What is the innervation of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Mandibular nerve from CN V3

121
Q

What is the innervation of the Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
and Omohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis

122
Q

What is the innervation of the thyrohyoid muscle?

Head and Neck System (9 decks)

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