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Head and Neck System > Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A

External
Middle
Inner

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2
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

Pinna

External auditory ear canal

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3
Q

Where does the external ear end?

A

Tympanic membrane

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4
Q

What type of tissue is found at the pinna/auricle?

A

Stratified keratinized epithelium (skin)

Elastic cartilage

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5
Q

What is the function of the pinna?

A

To capture and transmit sound to the external acoustic meatus

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6
Q

What is outer curvature of the ear called?

A

Helix

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7
Q

What is the inner curvature of the ear called?

A

Antihelix

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8
Q

What is the hollow depression of the external ear called?

A

Concha of the auricle

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9
Q

Where does the external ear canal extend from to?

A

Deep part of the concha to the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

How long is the external auditory ear canal?

A

4cm

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11
Q

Where does the external ear canal end?

A

Tympanic membrane

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12
Q

Which bone is the tympanic membrane attached to?

A

Temporal

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13
Q

How can the middle ear be seen from the external ear?

A

Because the tympanic membrane is translucent

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14
Q

Which ossicle attaches to the tympanic membrane?

A

Handle of the malleus

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15
Q

What are 2nd most common causes of tympanic perforation?

A

Trauma

Infection

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16
Q

What is the treatment for foregin bodies in the ear?

A

Removal

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17
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A

Outer layer is continuous with skin of EAC.
Middle fibrous layer
Inner layer of respiratory epithelium (ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

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18
Q

What is the diameter of the TM?

A

1cm

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19
Q

What is the thickness of the TM?

A

1/10th mm

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20
Q

What type of appearance should the TM have?

A

Shiny

21
Q

Within which bone does the middle ear lie?

A

Temporal bone

22
Q

Where does the middle ear expand from to?

A

Tympanic membrane to the lateral wall of the inner ear

23
Q

What does the middle ear consist of?

A

Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Eustachian tube

24
Q

What are the 3 ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

25
Q

Which is the largest ossicle?

A

Malleus

26
Q

What is the handle of the malleus in contact with ?

A

Tympanic membrane

27
Q

What does the incus consist of?

A

Body

2 limbs

28
Q

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

A

Stapes

29
Q

Which ossicle connects to the oval window of the inner ear?

A

Stapes

30
Q

Which epithelium lines the middle ear?

A

Respiratory epithelium

Stratified ciliated columnar non- keratinised epithelium

31
Q

What connects the ear to the nose?

A

Eustachian tube

32
Q

What are the 2 main portions of the inner ear?

A

Vestibular portion

Auditory portion

33
Q

What does the vestibular portion control?

A

Concerned with balance

34
Q

What does the auditory portion of the inner ear control?

A

Concerned with hearing

35
Q

What is the nerve supply to the inner ear?

A

CN VIII

36
Q

What is the organ of hearing?

A

Organ of corti

37
Q

What does the scala tympani contain?

A

Perilymph

38
Q

What does the scala media contain?

A

Endolymph

39
Q

What does the scala vestibuli contain?

A

Perilymph

40
Q

What are the 3 parts of the chochlea?

A

Scala tympani
Scala media
Scala vestibuli

41
Q

Describe hearing?

A

Function of middle ear is transducing vibration into nervous impulses
Foot of stapes vibrates in oval window
Causes pressure wave through fluid in cochlear
This is detected by hair cells in organ of corti
Transmitted to brainstem (junction of pons and medulla) by CN VIII

42
Q

What do semicircular canals pick up?

A

Rotation of the head

43
Q

What is the function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

To allow you to fix your vision on an object even when your head is moving

44
Q

What does the saccule do?

A

Detects linear acceleration in the vertical place

45
Q

What does the utricle do?

A

Detects linear acceleration in the horizontal plane

46
Q

Which nerve supplies the pinna?

A

CN V3

47
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior half of EAC?

A

Facial nerve CN VII

48
Q

Which nerve supplies the sensation of the posterior half of EAC?

A

CN X (auricular branch)

49
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to the middle ear?

A

Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

Head and Neck System (9 decks)

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