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Head and Neck System > Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A

External
Middle
Inner

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2
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

Pinna

External auditory ear canal

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3
Q

Where does the external ear end?

A

Tympanic membrane

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4
Q

What type of tissue is found at the pinna/auricle?

A

Stratified keratinized epithelium (skin)

Elastic cartilage

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5
Q

What is the function of the pinna?

A

To capture and transmit sound to the external acoustic meatus

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6
Q

What is outer curvature of the ear called?

A

Helix

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7
Q

What is the inner curvature of the ear called?

A

Antihelix

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8
Q

What is the hollow depression of the external ear called?

A

Concha of the auricle

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9
Q

Where does the external ear canal extend from to?

A

Deep part of the concha to the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

How long is the external auditory ear canal?

A

4cm

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11
Q

Where does the external ear canal end?

A

Tympanic membrane

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12
Q

Which bone is the tympanic membrane attached to?

A

Temporal

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13
Q

How can the middle ear be seen from the external ear?

A

Because the tympanic membrane is translucent

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14
Q

Which ossicle attaches to the tympanic membrane?

A

Handle of the malleus

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15
Q

What are 2nd most common causes of tympanic perforation?

A

Trauma

Infection

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16
Q

What is the treatment for foregin bodies in the ear?

A

Removal

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17
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A

Outer layer is continuous with skin of EAC.
Middle fibrous layer
Inner layer of respiratory epithelium (ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

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18
Q

What is the diameter of the TM?

A

1cm

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19
Q

What is the thickness of the TM?

A

1/10th mm

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20
Q

What type of appearance should the TM have?

21
Q

Within which bone does the middle ear lie?

A

Temporal bone

22
Q

Where does the middle ear expand from to?

A

Tympanic membrane to the lateral wall of the inner ear

23
Q

What does the middle ear consist of?

A

Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Eustachian tube

24
Q

What are the 3 ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

25
Which is the largest ossicle?
Malleus
26
What is the handle of the malleus in contact with ?
Tympanic membrane
27
What does the incus consist of?
Body | 2 limbs
28
What is the smallest bone in the human body?
Stapes
29
Which ossicle connects to the oval window of the inner ear?
Stapes
30
Which epithelium lines the middle ear?
Respiratory epithelium | Stratified ciliated columnar non- keratinised epithelium
31
What connects the ear to the nose?
Eustachian tube
32
What are the 2 main portions of the inner ear?
Vestibular portion | Auditory portion
33
What does the vestibular portion control?
Concerned with balance
34
What does the auditory portion of the inner ear control?
Concerned with hearing
35
What is the nerve supply to the inner ear?
CN VIII
36
What is the organ of hearing?
Organ of corti
37
What does the scala tympani contain?
Perilymph
38
What does the scala media contain?
Endolymph
39
What does the scala vestibuli contain?
Perilymph
40
What are the 3 parts of the chochlea?
Scala tympani Scala media Scala vestibuli
41
Describe hearing?
Function of middle ear is transducing vibration into nervous impulses Foot of stapes vibrates in oval window Causes pressure wave through fluid in cochlear This is detected by hair cells in organ of corti Transmitted to brainstem (junction of pons and medulla) by CN VIII
42
What do semicircular canals pick up?
Rotation of the head
43
What is the function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex?
To allow you to fix your vision on an object even when your head is moving
44
What does the saccule do?
Detects linear acceleration in the vertical place
45
What does the utricle do?
Detects linear acceleration in the horizontal plane
46
Which nerve supplies the pinna?
CN V3
47
Which nerve supplies the anterior half of EAC?
Facial nerve CN VII
48
Which nerve supplies the sensation of the posterior half of EAC?
CN X (auricular branch)
49
Which nerve supplies sensation to the middle ear?
Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

Head and Neck System (9 decks)

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