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head and neck system > Ear Pathology > Flashcards

Ear Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is auricular haematoma

A

Collection of blood forms in the pinna
Often follow trauma
If untreated will result in ‘cauliflower ear’

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2
Q

Rx auricular haematoma

A

Drainage is definitive

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3
Q

Symptoms of ear foreign body

A 
Pain 
Deafness 
Discharge (foul smelling)
May be a buzzing in the ear 
Bleeding dy
Afebrile
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4
Q

Diagnosis for ear foreign body

A

Otoscopy

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5
Q

Rx ear foreign body

A

Removal ASAP

Kill insects prior to removal

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6
Q

What is otitis externa

A

Inflammation of external ear canal
Usually due to infection
Sometimes due to allergy or irritation

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7
Q

Risk factors otitis externa

A

External obstruction

Swimming

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8
Q

Where does inflammation not go past in otitis externa

A

TM

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9
Q

Symptoms otitis externa

A 
Itch 
Ear discharge 
Dulled hearing 
Pain 
Ear may feel blocked or full
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10
Q

Otoscopy O/E otitis externa

A

Canal may be swollen

TM should be normal

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11
Q

Treatment otitis externa

A

Topical ear antibiotics
Paracetamol
Ibuprofen

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12
Q

What is malignant otitis externa

A

When Otitis Externa spreads to surrounding tissues:
Into mastoid and temporal bones
Aggressive infection

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13
Q

Commonest organism malignant otitis externa

A

Pseudomona

Aeruginosa

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14
Q

Symptoms malignant otitis externa

A 
Persistent and foul smelling yellow or green pus 
Ear pain 
Haring loss 
Fever
Swollen and red skin surrounding ear
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15
Q

Ix malignant otitis externa

A

Swabs

CT

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16
Q

Rx malignant otitis externa

A

Long term systemic AB

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17
Q

What is acute otitis media

A

Infection of middle ear

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18
Q

Where do acute otitis media infections usually come from?

A

Seeded from upper respiratory tract from eustachian tube

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19
Q

Common organisms acute otitis media

A

Strep penumonia

Haemophilus influenzr

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20
Q

Symptom of acute otitis media

A

Otalgia
Hearing loss
Fever

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21
Q

Rx for acute otitis media

A

Often viral is self limiting
NSAIDS
AB if not resolved or systemic features

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22
Q

Otoscopy O/E for acute otitis media

A

Healthy ear canal

Often red and sometimes bulging TM

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23
Q

What is glue ear

A

Infection and fluid in middle ear

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24
Q

What is a common cause of glue ear

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction
Creates vacuum in middle ear
Draws in fluid from surroundings

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25
Q

Symptoms of glue ear

A

Hearing dampening

26
Q

Rx glue ear

A

Watchful watiing

Grommets

27
Q

O/E otoscopy glue ear

A

Bulging TM
Dull TM
Fluid behind TM

28
Q

What is chronic supparative otitis media?

A

Chronic inflammation of middle ear and mastoid cavity

Characterised by discharge from middle ear through perforated TM for >6 weeks

29
Q

Symptoms of chronic supparative otitis media

A

Recurrent otorrhoea

Hearing loss

30
Q

Otoscopy O/E supparative otitis media

A

Perforation of TM

31
Q

What is tympanosclerosis

A

Calcification of connective tissue of TM

32
Q

Symptoms of tympanosclerosis

A

Sig. hearing loss

33
Q

O/E tympanosclerosis

A

Chalky white patches on middle ear

34
Q

Rx tympanoslcerosis

A

Hearing aids

35
Q

What is otosclerosis

A

New bony deposits occur within the stapes footplate and cochlea
Abnormal bone material grows around the stapes

36
Q

Symptoms otosclerosis

A

Hearing loss
Speaking softly
Tinnitus

37
Q

Ix otosclerosis

A

Hearing tests

38
Q

Rx otosclerosis

A

Hearing aids

Stapedectomy

39
Q

What is the most common cause of deafness

A

Presbyacusis

40
Q

What is presybacusis?

A

Natural ageing of auditory system

41
Q

Onet in presbycausis

A

Onset gradual and slow

42
Q

Which frequencies are lost first in presbycausis

A

Higher

43
Q

Ix for presbycausis

A

Pure tone audiometry

44
Q

Rx for presbycausis

A

High frequency hearing aids

Cochlear implants

45
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma

A

Slowly growing benign Schwannoma of vestibular n.

46
Q

Symptoms of acoustic Schwannoma

A

Hearing loss
Tinnitus Vertigo
Loss of facial sensation due to pressing on CN

47
Q

Ix for acoustic schwannoma

A

MRI

Hearing tests

48
Q

Treatment acoustic Schwannoma

A

Watchful waiting

Surgery

49
Q

What is Meniere’s disease

A

Rare condition of ear characterised by episodes of vertigo and tinnitus

50
Q

Triad of Meniere’s Disease

A

Vertigo
Tinitus
Sensorineural hearing loss

51
Q

How does Meniere’s disease present

A

As attacks of dizziness and ringing in ears

52
Q

Ix Meniere’s

A

Hearing tests

Clinical diagnosis

53
Q

Rx during meniere’s attack

A

Cinnarizine

54
Q

Rx preventative meniere’s

A

Betahistine

55
Q

Why can intratympanic gentamicin be used to treat meniere’s

A

Damages the nerve endings on the middle ear

56
Q

What causes benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

Otoconia in semi-circular canals

Should normally be found in ampulla

57
Q

Ix for benign paroxysmal positional vetgio

A

Dix-Hallpike Manoeuvre

58
Q

Rx benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

Epley manouvere

Moves particles into another compartment of the ear

59
Q

What is vestibular neuritis

A

Infection of vestibular nerve of inner ear

60
Q

Symptoms and signs vestibular neuritis

A

Dizziness
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Vomiting

61
Q

Rx vestibular neuritis

A

Steroids
Antiemetics
Antibiotics

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