Ear Pathology

Question 1

What is auricular haematoma

Answer 1

Collection of blood forms in the pinna
Often follow trauma
If untreated will result in ‘cauliflower ear’

Question 2

Rx auricular haematoma

Answer 2

Drainage is definitive

Question 3

Symptoms of ear foreign body

Answer 3

Pain 
Deafness 
Discharge (foul smelling)
May be a buzzing in the ear 
Bleeding dy
Afebrile

Question 4

Diagnosis for ear foreign body

Answer 4

Otoscopy

Question 5

Rx ear foreign body

Answer 5

Removal ASAP

Kill insects prior to removal

Question 6

What is otitis externa

Answer 6

Inflammation of external ear canal
Usually due to infection
Sometimes due to allergy or irritation

Question 7

Risk factors otitis externa

Answer 7

External obstruction

Swimming

Question 8

Where does inflammation not go past in otitis externa

Answer 8

TM

Question 9

Symptoms otitis externa

Answer 9

Itch 
Ear discharge 
Dulled hearing 
Pain 
Ear may feel blocked or full

Question 10

Otoscopy O/E otitis externa

Answer 10

Canal may be swollen

TM should be normal

Question 11

Treatment otitis externa

Answer 11

Topical ear antibiotics
Paracetamol
Ibuprofen

Question 12

What is malignant otitis externa

Answer 12

When Otitis Externa spreads to surrounding tissues:
Into mastoid and temporal bones
Aggressive infection

Question 13

Commonest organism malignant otitis externa

Answer 13

Pseudomona

Aeruginosa

Question 14

Symptoms malignant otitis externa

Answer 14

Persistent and foul smelling yellow or green pus 
Ear pain 
Haring loss 
Fever
Swollen and red skin surrounding ear

Question 15

Ix malignant otitis externa

Answer 15

Swabs

CT

Question 16

Rx malignant otitis externa

Answer 16

Long term systemic AB

Question 17

What is acute otitis media

Answer 17

Infection of middle ear

Question 18

Where do acute otitis media infections usually come from?

Answer 18

Seeded from upper respiratory tract from eustachian tube

Question 19

Common organisms acute otitis media

Answer 19

Strep penumonia

Haemophilus influenzr

Question 20

Symptom of acute otitis media

Answer 20

Otalgia
Hearing loss
Fever

Question 21

Rx for acute otitis media

Answer 21

Often viral is self limiting
NSAIDS
AB if not resolved or systemic features

Question 22

Otoscopy O/E for acute otitis media

Answer 22

Healthy ear canal

Often red and sometimes bulging TM

Question 23

What is glue ear

Answer 23

Infection and fluid in middle ear

Question 24

What is a common cause of glue ear

Answer 24

Eustachian tube dysfunction
Creates vacuum in middle ear
Draws in fluid from surroundings

Question 25

Symptoms of glue ear

Answer 25

Hearing dampening

Question 26

Rx glue ear

Answer 26

Watchful watiing | Grommets

Question 27

O/E otoscopy glue ear

Answer 27

Bulging TM Dull TM Fluid behind TM

Question 28

What is chronic supparative otitis media?

Answer 28

Chronic inflammation of middle ear and mastoid cavity | Characterised by discharge from middle ear through perforated TM for >6 weeks

Question 29

Symptoms of chronic supparative otitis media

Answer 29

Recurrent otorrhoea | Hearing loss

Question 30

Otoscopy O/E supparative otitis media

Answer 30

Perforation of TM

Question 31

What is tympanosclerosis

Answer 31

Calcification of connective tissue of TM

Question 32

Symptoms of tympanosclerosis

Answer 32

Sig. hearing loss

Question 33

O/E tympanosclerosis

Answer 33

Chalky white patches on middle ear

Question 34

Rx tympanoslcerosis

Answer 34

Hearing aids

Question 35

What is otosclerosis

Answer 35

New bony deposits occur within the stapes footplate and cochlea Abnormal bone material grows around the stapes

Question 36

Symptoms otosclerosis

Answer 36

Hearing loss Speaking softly Tinnitus

Question 37

Ix otosclerosis

Answer 37

Hearing tests

Question 38

Rx otosclerosis

Answer 38

Hearing aids | Stapedectomy

Question 39

What is the most common cause of deafness

Answer 39

Presbyacusis

Question 40

What is presybacusis?

Answer 40

Natural ageing of auditory system

Question 41

Onet in presbycausis

Answer 41

Onset gradual and slow

Question 42

Which frequencies are lost first in presbycausis

Answer 42

Higher

Question 43

Ix for presbycausis

Answer 43

Pure tone audiometry

Question 44

Rx for presbycausis

Answer 44

High frequency hearing aids | Cochlear implants

Question 45

What is an acoustic neuroma

Answer 45

Slowly growing benign Schwannoma of vestibular n.

Question 46

Symptoms of acoustic Schwannoma

Answer 46

Hearing loss Tinnitus Vertigo Loss of facial sensation due to pressing on CN

Question 47

Ix for acoustic schwannoma

Answer 47

MRI | Hearing tests

Question 48

Treatment acoustic Schwannoma

Answer 48

Watchful waiting | Surgery

Question 49

What is Meniere's disease

Answer 49

Rare condition of ear characterised by episodes of vertigo and tinnitus

Question 50

Triad of Meniere's Disease

Answer 50

Vertigo Tinitus Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 51

How does Meniere's disease present

Answer 51

As attacks of dizziness and ringing in ears

Question 52

Ix Meniere's

Answer 52

Hearing tests | Clinical diagnosis

Question 53

Rx during meniere's attack

Answer 53

Cinnarizine

Question 54

Rx preventative meniere's

Answer 54

Betahistine

Question 55

Why can intratympanic gentamicin be used to treat meniere's

Answer 55

Damages the nerve endings on the middle ear

Question 56

What causes benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Answer 56

Otoconia in semi-circular canals | Should normally be found in ampulla

Question 57

Ix for benign paroxysmal positional vetgio

Answer 57

Dix-Hallpike Manoeuvre

Question 58

Rx benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Answer 58

Epley manouvere | Moves particles into another compartment of the ear

Question 59

What is vestibular neuritis

Answer 59

Infection of vestibular nerve of inner ear

Question 60

Symptoms and signs vestibular neuritis

Answer 60

Dizziness Vertigo Nystagmus Vomiting

Question 61

Rx vestibular neuritis

Answer 61

Steroids Antiemetics Antibiotics