Head and Neck Anatomy: Mental Dental Flashcards
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface of ramus and angle
Action: elevates mand, superficial fibers protrude, deep fibers retract, moves mand toward same side
Masseter
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process
Action: elevates mand: post fibers retract mand
Temporalis
What nerve innervates muscle of mastication?
V3
Origin: max tuberostiy (superficial) and medial surface of pterygoid plate (deep)
Insertion: Medial surface of ramus and angle
Action: elevates and protrudes mand, move mand toward opposite side
Medial pterygoid
Origin: inframtemporal crest (superior crest) and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (inferior head)
Insertion: articular disc (superior head) and pterygoid fovea (inferior head)
Action: depresses and protrudes mand, moves mand toward opposite side
Lateral pterygoid
___ muslces: formed from paraxial mesoderm that eventually becomes occipital somites
Tongue muscles
What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hi my tongue is a GPS
Origin: Hyoid bone
INsertion: Tongue
Action: Depresses tongue
Innvervation: 12
Hyoglossus
Origin: Genial tubercules
INsertion: Tongue
Action: Protrudes tongue
Innvervation: 12
Genioglossus
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
INsertion: Tongue
Action: Retracts tongue
Innvervation: 12
Styloglossus
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
INsertion: Tongue
Action: Elevates back part of tongue
Innvervation: 10
Palatoglossus
What extrinsic muscle of the tongue is innervated by a nerve other than hypoglossal? What nerve?
Palatoglossus: Vagus nerve
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion:Upper border of thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall
Action: Pulls pharynx and larynx upward
Innervation: Vagus
Palatopharyngeus
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: uvula
Action: SHortens and broadens the uvula to help close nasopharynx during swallowing
Innervation: X
Musculus uvulae
Origin: Scaphoid fossa and cartilagenous part of auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis
Action: Tenses soft palate opens auditory tube
- Its tendon hooks around the pterygoid hamulus and forms the palatine aponeurosis across the soft palate
Innervation: V3
Tensor veli palatini
Origin: Petrous part of temporal bone and cartilaginous part of auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis
Action: Elevates the soft palate to lcose off nasopharynx during swallowing
Innervation: X
Levator veli palatini
Origin: Cartilagionous part of auditory tube
Insertion: Upper border of thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall
Action: Also helps to equalize air pressure
Innervation: X
Salpingopharyngeus
What soft palate muscle is innervated by V3?
Tensor veli palatini
SPecial visceral sensory for smell:
CN 1 : olfactory
SPecial somatic sensory for vision
CN 2 Optic nerve
Are men or women better at shade matching?
Women due to more cone cells
Does vision cross over or is it ipsilateral?
Crosses over: opposite side of brain
Somatic motor to extraocular muscles
PSNS to smooth muscle associated with pupil constriction
Oculomotor CN 3
Somatic motor to superior oblique
Only CN that arises from the dorsal side of brainstem
Trochlar nerve CN 4
SO4
LR6
Sensory info from orofacial region
Somatic motor to muscles of mastication
Trigeminal CN V
___ division of CN V
Frontal nerve
Lacrimal nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Ophthalmic V1
___ division of CN V
Sphenopalatine nerve
Pharyngeal nerve
Greater and lesser palatine nerves
PSA
Zygomatic nerve
Infraorbital
Maxillary V2
___ division of CN V
Auriculotemporal
Long buccal nerve
lingual nerve
IA
Medial pterygoid nerve
Mand V3
Somatic motor to lateral rectus
Abducens 6
So4
LR6
Sensory info from ear tongue and palate
Somatic motor to muscles of fascial expression
Chorda tympani to submand and sublingual glands and greater petrosal nerve to accessory glands (PSNS)
Facial VII
Bell’s palsy affects what CN?
CN VII
Special somatic sensory and balance
Vestibular branch detects balance, cochlea detects hearing
CN VIII Vestibulocochlear
Somatic and vesceral sensory form posterior 1/3 of tongue via lingual branch
Sensory end of gag reflex
Somatic motor to stylopharyngeus muscle
Hering’s nerve: baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
Lesser petrosal nerve to partoid gland
Glossopharyngeal Cn IX
Sensory info from laryngeal mucosa below vocal cords
Visceral sensory and motor from and to heart lungs and GI tract
Somatic motor to most pharynx, larynx, and soft palate muscles
Motor end of gag reflex
Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
Vagus CN X
Somatic motor to SCM and trapezius
Spinal root origintates from C1-C5 and ascends into skull via foramen magnum and exits jugular foramen
Spinal Accessory Nerve CN XI
Somatic motor to SCM and trapezius
Spinal root origintates from C1-C5 and ascends into skull via foramen magnum and exits jugular foramen
Spinal Accessory Nerve CN XI
Somatic motor to tongue muscles except palatoglossus
Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
Taste and smell is considered what kind of fibers? General/ special, somatic/visceral, efferent/ afferent?
Special visceral afferent
What division of Trigeminal supplies somatic motor?
V3
Stensen’s duct is associalted with _____
Parotid gland
Parotid more serous or mucous?
Serous
What CN stimulates parotid gland to secrete saliva?
CN IX
The following are components of _____:
Branches of CN VII (TZBMC)
Retromandibular vein
Termination of external carotid artery
Auriculotemporal nerve
Parotid gland
Wharton’s duct is assc with ____ gland
Submand gland
Submand serous or mucous?
Mixed
Which salivary gland is most of salivia coming form?
Submand
Which salivary gland is most likely to get sialoliths?
Sub mand
What nerve innervates submand gland?
CN VII
Bartholin’s duct is assco with ___ gland
Sublingual gland
What nerve innervates sublingual gland?
CN VII
Sublingual serous or mucous?
Mucouse
The ________ nerve is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) that delivers preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers along the visceral motor pathway.
lesser petrosal
The _______ nerve is a part of the visceral motor pathway for lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands. It is not involved in parasympathetic innervation for the parotid gland.
greater petrosal
The ________ nerve delivers postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers to the lacrimal gland.
zygomatic
Parasympathetic innervation for the parotid gland begins at the inferior salivary nucleus and runs along the lesser petrosal nerve all the way to its synapse at the otic ganglion. The postsynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers “hitch-hike” along the ________ to the parotid gland.
auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
What type of collagen is the articular disc made of?
Type 1 cartilage
The artticulating surfaces of the TMJ are made of _____
Fibrocartilage
What type of collagen is the articular cartilage made of?
Type 2 collagen
____ ligament
Outer oblique portion limits mouth opening
Inner forizontal portion prevents the disc and condyle form dislocating posteriorly
Lateral ligament
What two ligaments in TMj are vascularized and innervated?
Capsular and collateral
Extends from styloid process to angle of mand
Thickening of fascia of parotid gland
Limits excessive protrusion of mand
Stylomandibular ligament
Extends from spine of sphenoid bone to lingula of mand
Embryonic remnant of Meckel’s cartilage (Pharyngeal arch #1)
Helps support mand but has no limiting effects on its movement
Sphenomandibular ligament
Embryonic remnant of Reichert’s cartilage (Pharyngeal arch #2)
Calcified in Eagle syndrome
Stylohyoid ligament
What innervates TMJ?
Auriculotemporal (V3)
What gives blood supply to TMJ?
Superficial temporal and max arteries of external carotid artery
___ portion of retrodiscal tissue
Composed of elastic fibers
Prevents the disc from dislocating anteriorly
Superior retrodiscal lamina
___ portion of retrodiscal tissue
Composed of collagen fibers
Prevents the disc from excessively rotating over condyle
Inferior retrodiscal lamina
___ portion of retrodiscal tissue
Consists of loose areolar CT containing blood vessels and nerves
Intermediate Retrodiscal tissue
