HC 9

Question 1

Definition of career

Answer 1

The pattern of work related experiences that span the course of a persons life
Consists of:
- objective events (e.g. jobs)
- subjective events (e.g. attitudes, values, expectations
- Influenced by: the individual, environment, organization
- focus away fromcareer thats stable longterm, predictable, organization driven sequences of vertical moves.

Question 2

Definition career development

Answer 2

An ongoing process by which individuals progress through a series of stages, each of which is characterized by a relatively unique set of issues, themes, and tasks

Question 3

Spectrum of career development activities

Answer 3

1) employee centered : career planning
1. 1) Self directed workbooks and tape cassettes
1. 2) Company run career planning workshops
1. 3) Corporate seminars on organizational career

2) Mutual focus: manager-employee planning
2. 1) Manager employee career discussions
2. 2.) Developmental assesment centers
2. 3) Corporate talent inventories
2. 4) Corporate succession planning

3) Organizational centered: career management

Question 4

Four stage model of career development

Answer 4

1) Occupational and organizational choice: preparation for work.
2) Early career: establishment and achievement
3) Midcareer
4) Late career

Question 5

Four stage model of career development: stage 1

Answer 5

Occupational and organizational choice: preparation for work- age: 0-25

• Major tasks: develop occupational self image, asses alternative occupation, develop occupational choice, pursue necessary education, obtain job offers from desired organizations, select appropriate job based on accurate information

Question 6

Four stage model of career development: stage 2

Answer 6

Early career: establishment and achievement
- Age: 25-40

• Major tasks: Leam job. learn job, learn organizational rules and norms, fit into occupation/organization, increase competence, pursue “The Dream”

Question 7

Four stage model of career development: stage 3

Answer 7

Midcareer- age: 40-55

• Major tasks: reappraise early career and early adulthood, reaffirm or modify “the dream”, make choices appropriate for middle adult years, remain productive in work

Question 8

Four stage model of career development: stage 4

Answer 8

Late career

• age: 55-retirement
• Major tasks: Remain productive in work, maintain selfesteem, prepare for effective retirement

Question 9

4 “line based” views of career development. y = power&status, x=time

Answer 9

1 linear: stepwise linear improvement
2 steady state expert: stepwise until max power&status, after that stable
3 spiral: stepwise, but also steps down, but general direction is up
4 transitory: steps up and down, general direction is stable low.

Question 10

Managerial practice of generations

Answer 10

Workforce consists of generations from different times, with different customs, needs, technologies, etc.

Question 11

Generational theory (Joshi, Dencker, Franz, and Martocchio, 2010): Three approaches to conceptualize generations

Answer 11

1) generational cohort theory
2) Generational group
3) Kinship based groups

Question 12

4 dangers of generatoinalized thinking and 1 alternitive

Answer 12

1) Eclusive instead of inclusive thinking
2) Represents reductionism, oversimplifies terms
3) Focusses attention on “wrong” mechanisms of age related change
4) It assumes category membership determines individual attributesAlternitive: lifespan perspective

Question 13

Problems with the generation concept

Answer 13

1) Some scientists are highly sceptical about existence of generations
2) Criticism on research/emperical studies: differences in cross sectional samples cant say anything about changes over time

Question 14

Intergenerational learning: Why care

Answer 14

• aging workforce

- Imminent waves of retirement

Question 15

Three perspectives on age and HRD:

Answer 15

1) adress hrd needs of different age group (learning of different age groups)
2) Investigate what happens when individuals from different age groups learn together (learning from/with eachother)
3) How can learning from eachother be improved.

Question 16

4 Types of knowledge

Answer 16

1) Expert knowledge
2) practical knowledge
3) Social knowledge
4) Meta cognitive knowledge

Question 17

Explain Types of knowledge

1) Expert knowledge
2) practical knowledge
3) Social knowledge
4) Meta cognitive knowledge

Answer 17

1) Expert knowledge
- discussion
- asking questions
- learning sessions
2) practical knowledge
- demonstration
- feedback
- imitation
3) Social knowledge
- role modelling
- concillatory interventions
4) Meta cognitive knowledge
- role modelling
- explanations

Question 18

Phase model of intergeneratinal learning

Answer 18

1) Familiarization
2) Assimilation
3) Detachment

Question 19

Explain the phase model of intergeneratinal learning
1) Familiarization

2) Assimilation
3) Detachment

Answer 19

1) Familiarization
- Expert knowledge
- Practical knowledge
2) Assimilation
- Practical knowledge
- Social knowledge
- Meta-cognitive knowledge
3) Detachment
- social knowledge

Question 20

1) generational cohort theory:

Answer 20

Individuals born at (+-) the same time experienced the same historical events at the same point of their development

Question 21

2 perspectives on diversity:

Answer 21

1. team diversity

2. team conflict

Question 22

perspectives on diversity: team diversity (2)

Answer 22

Relations oriented  (social category) diversity:
•Readably visible aspects of diversity
•Mostly accessible at first glance
•E.g., gender, 
 age, ethnicity

Task oriented (functional)  diversity:
• Job-related attributes 
•Also referred to as deep-level diversity
•E.g., tenure, education, or functional 
background

Question 23

perspectives on diversity: team conflict (2)

Answer 23

Relationship conflicts:
•(Emotional) disagreement
•E.g., about personal attitudes, taste, political views, values
•Relating to interpersonal relationships

Task conflicts:
•Disagreements about information, the distribution of resources etc.
• Relating to the task or to the facts

Question 24

Intergenerational learning

Answer 24

Individuals’ joint construction of knowledge through an exchange of information with one or more individualsfrom different generations

Question 25

Intergenerational learning

Answer 25

Individuals’ joint construction of knowledge through an exchange of information with one or more individuals from different generations