HC 2 Flashcards
The rubicon model of action phases
- motivation, pre-decisional: choosing
- volitional, pre-acting: planning
- Volitional, action: acting = intention implementation
- Motivation, post-factional: evaluating
How can motivation be influences? Behavioral change theories
- early theories: “it could happen to you”
- later theories: “you can do it”
- Newer theories: “if you only want to”
- Newest theories: “stick to your plans”
Early theories: “It could happen to you”
Health belief model + protection motivation theory
- perceived vulnerability
- perceived severity
How can you induce fear? (fear= anticipated regret)
- information/persuasion
- Modeling
Protection motivation theory (Rogers)
Iemand gedraagt zich adoptief in een reactie op een angstaanjagende boodschap als ze bewijs hebben dat zulk gedrag een bedreiging vermindert, en als ze geloven dat ze in staat zijn om dit te doen.
Example: when is fruit intake the highest?
When a minority norm becomes a majority norm/provided norm (NO change when control)
Majority norms hebben de grootste invloed want er is meer identificatie met de normreferent groep
Fear appeal
Persuasive communication that tries to scare people into changing their attitudes by conjuring up negative consequences that will occur if they do not comply with the message recommendations
Difference motivational eand volitional phase?
Motivational phase = setting goals for specifying intentions
Volitional phase = from intentions to behavior
Parallel process model (Leventhal) ??
Fear control = reduce emotion (denial, avoidance, distraction
Danger control = reduce negative consequences
Efficacy = hoe makkelijk gedrag veranderen of bedreiging vermijden
Implementation intentions in terms of ‘volition’
= self regulation skill (making plans) - volitional phase
Motivational phase
setting goals/intentions
volitional phase
translate intentions into behavior
assumption = sufficient motivation
Implementation intentions
A strong goal intention is often insufficient to ensure a change in behavior –> the “intention-behavior gap”
Implementation intentions can help translate intentions into actual behavior:
- when
- where –> Als situatie x, dan goal directed behavior y
- how
II (implementation intentions) can be effective:
- vergroot de activatie van de specifieke cue
- automatische activatie van een specifieke response
behavior is determined by 2 systems: dual process theories
- system 1: associative, impulsive, implicit, hot
2. system 2: reasoned, reflective, explicit, cool
Hot-cold framework
In a neutral/ cold state the impact of hot cues (hunger, emotions) is underestimated
How to disrupt unwanted habits:
- remove/avoid cue, getting ahead of unwanted habits or changing the environment/removing the cue
- utilizing (creating new opportunity)
Nudging =
making use of impulsive processes alters people’s behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or changing their economic incentives
= strategic use of mental shortcuts (biases, heuristics) + making use of impulsive processes
Innertia
Tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged (e.g. when we favor the status quo)
Libertarian paternalism
take individual’s own preferences seriously:
Example, nudging: steer people’s behavior in a private welfare-promoting direction - in agreement with their personal preferences
Salience
hoe opvallende details van de visuele omgeving in de hersenen met voorrang worden behandeld
Message effectiveness: social proof
very high effectiveness: ‘most guests in this room reuse’
why? The more similar the person providing social proof, the more believable.
Why do we use nudges?
- no need for cognitive resources
- no need for strong motivation
- ## overall considered as highly acceptable
