HC 12 cultural psychology Flashcards
Person perception?
Process of forming impressions of others, many siimilarities:
- Judgments of appearance and attractiveness
- Personality traits –> people can quite accurately predict personality traits
- Recognizing others
Same race bias?
People recognize individuals of their own race better than the individuals of another race
- Result of attitudes, contact/experience, task set-up
- Also exists in gender
Attributions?
= beliefs about the underlying causes of behavior, allow us to explain things and make sense of the world
Internal/ dispositional attributions?
specify the cause of behavior within a person, are
attributions about one’s internal characteristics or traits
External/ situational attributions?
locate behavior outside a person
Biases: fundamental attribution error?
tendency to explain the behaviors of others using
internal attributions and to explain one’s own behaviors using external attributions
–> Fidel Castro experiment where students had to present pro- or against and judging
students thought the presenters were actually pro or against Fidel Castr
Biases: self-serving bias?
Attributing positive experiences to internal attributes and negative ones to external attributes
Culture and intergroup relations: ingroup?
individuals with a history of shared experiences and anticipatory future
–> produce a sense of intimacy, familiarity, and trust
Culture and intergroup relations: outgroups?
people who lack ingroup qualities
–> perceptions of outgroups is associated with infrahumanization (= other people lack basic human qualities)
Culture and intergroup relations: group intitavity?
perception of groups as real entities and not collections of individuals; the group is acting as an individual would act
Differences in and outgroups between cultures; in individual cultures?
- More ingroups
- Less attachment to any single ingroup because there are more ingroups
- Survival of individuals is more dependent on the successful functioning of the individual than the group
- People make fewer distinctions between in and outgroups
Relationships in individual countries?
- People are less willing to sacrifice personal needs
- People cooperate less and express their contradictory feelings more freely
- People are more willing to treat outsiders (outgroups) as equals
Differences in and outgroups between cultures: in collectivistic countries?
- Fewer ingroups
- People are very attached to the group to which they belong
- Survival of individuals is more dependent on the successful functioning of the group
- People make greater distinctions between in and outgroups
Relationships in collectivistic countries?
- People are more willing to sacrifice personal needs
- People cooperate more and express their feelings less
- People find ways to be more agreeable
- People exhibit greater distancing and discrimination to outgroups
Origings of in-group favoritism
Ingroup favoritism co-evolved along with the emergence of cultures
- Highest in countries with demanding climates and low income
- Lowest in countries with demanding climates and high income
Group formation can occur on initially meaningless markers (coin toss, random selection),
and can fastly acquire meaning