✅HAZARDS Case Study - Haiti Multihazardous Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Haiti

A

Caribbean country that shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic to its east. North of Colombia, South-East of Florida, USA.

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2
Q

Haiti plate boundary, winds

A

The northern side of Haiti is on the border the Caribbean Plate and North American Plate. This plate boundary is a conservative boundary between an oceanic (Caribbean) plate and a continental (North American) plate.
Lies in the way of the trade winds, and main path of Atlantic hurricanes

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3
Q

Haiti features/ topography

A

60 per cent of Haiti is mountainous and due to deforestation, landslides and mudslides are common.

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4
Q

Haiti climate

A

Hot, humid. Therefore diseases spread easier, like Cholera

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5
Q

Haiti population

A

12 million

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6
Q

Haiti Economy

A

Haiti is the poorest country in the Americas and struggles to cope with most disasters. Over 6 million Haitians are below the poverty line of living on $2.41/ day.
It is densely populated around Port-au-Prince, the capital, around low-lying coast.

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7
Q

What hazards is it susceptible to

A

Earthquakes, Epidemics, Storms, Drought, Floods, Landslides

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8
Q

Frequency of storms

A

It is usually hit by four or five major hurricanes each year.
9 serious storms over last20 years affecting 3.5 million people and killing over 7000

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9
Q

What year did Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav, Hannah and Ike occur (FGHI)

A

2008, within three weeks of each other

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10
Q

FGHI impacts

A

793 deaths
25,000 homes destroyed
economic damages of $1bn (5% of the country’s GDP)
Floods after wiped out 70% of crops

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11
Q

When was the major earthquake

A

Jan 12th 2010

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12
Q

2010 Earthquake features

A

Magnitude 7
Epicentre 25km West of Capital, Port-au-Price
Shallow (13 km deep)

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13
Q

2010 Earthquake impacts

A

Killed 222,000 people (lots of falling rubble).
Over 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed.
During UN’s assistance in rehabilitation, cholera spread, killing 10,000.

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14
Q

Hazard Response

A

EQ reconstruction is still going on today
The National Disaster Risk Management System (NDRMS) was set up
Haiti received US$13 billion in foreign aid from the international community from 2011 to 2021.

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15
Q

NDRMS’s goal

A

to transition from living at risk to living with risk approach to natural hazards

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16
Q

Preparation for hazards

A

Official assistance commitments from all donor countries for disaster prevention and preparedness were $339.5m in 2008, while $9,548.6m donated on emergency response that same year.

17
Q

Social characteristics which influenced hazard impacts

A

Perception: fear/ fatalism- pop. so poor hazards are not immediate priority. Christian, Voodoo- accept hazards are from God. Although NDRMS means less fatalist perception.

Port-au-Prince is 80% gang controlled, corruption- no faith in their management

18
Q

Economic characteristics which influenced hazard impacts

A

Much more aid and money for response than preparation- longer recovery on the park model
Very poor population- can’t afford to not work
Loads of ports- damaged by storm surges, damage to economy due to dependency on trade

19
Q

Physical characteristics which influenced hazard impacts

A

On conservative plate margin
60% mountains, less space to evacuate to
In hurricane path
Island- airport needed to access aid
Coast is most densely populated, vulnerable to storm surges and SLR, which could cause salination flooding on crops

20
Q

Political characteristics which influenced hazard impacts

A

Poor infrastructure, 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed.
Former French colony, received more EU aid- reliant
Gangs rule much of capital- corruption, less focus on management