✅HAZARDS 3.1.5.5 - Storm Hazards Flashcards
What is a tropical storm?
A violent rotating storm which occurs at mid latitudes, ie the tropics
How do tropical storms form?
Strong upward movement of air draws water vapour up from the ocean
Evaporated air cools as it rises, condenses to form thunder clouds
Condensing air releases energy which powers the storm and draws up even more water
Several small thunderstorms combine to form a giant spinning storm
Storm develops an eye where air rapidly descends.
Upon landfall, storm loses energy and it slows and weakens
Where are hurricanes found?
Over the US and Caribbean
Where are cyclones found?
South East Asia, South Pacific, India, East Africa
Where are typhoons found?
Japan, Philippines
When do tropical storms form?
After the warmest months of the year (Jul/Aug), when sea temperatures are highest (27.5 C)
Where are the strongest winds found?
The eyewall
What is the Coreolis force?
Deflects objects in a rotating system, due to the Earth’s rotation
Which way does the Coreolis force deflect objects in the Northern hemisphere?
To the right, so they move upwards on the globe
Clockwise
Which way does the Coreolis force deflect objects in the Southern hemisphere?
To the left, so they move downwards on the globe
What is a storm surge?
An abnormal rise of water, generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tide
How are storm surges formed?
When the storm blows the ocean surface and creates vertical circulation in the water, which gains height in shallower water
Which areas are at risk from storm surges?
Lowland coastal areas
What factors can affect storm surges?
Storm intensity, speed and size as well as coastal features such as bays and estuaries
How are strong winds formed by storms?
When pressure changes rapidly over a small distance, and air flows from high pressure to low pressure
Which areas are at risk from strong winds?
Coastal regions, as the storm looses energy once it reaches land
How are the strongest winds created?
By the biggest differences in pressure
What are landslides?
Involves the movement of rock, earth or debris, can be caused by heavy rain
Why can paricular areas of land slide?
When they have two separate layers, one of stable bed rock and another of loose, unconsolidated sediment
What is a common form of disaster associated with tropical storms?
Heavy rainfall and flooding
Where does the heaviest rain occur?
In the eyewall
Why do floods occur?
Because the ground becomes saturated with the heavy rain and then the water builds up and rivers burst their banks
How can storms be predicted?
Future events can be predicted using ones in the past and the frequency of storms can also show patterns
What can be used to gauge wind speeds, pressure and precipitation?
Aircraft and drones
