Handout 9 Flashcards
refer to bar charts on which factors are plotted along the horizontal axis in decreasing order of frequency.
Pareto Charts
a nineteenth-century Italian scientist whose statistical work focused on inequalities of data.
Vilfredo Pareto
states that eighty percent of the activity is caused by twenty percent of the factors. It is also known as the “80–20 rule”.
Pareto Principle
relate a key performance problem to its potential causes. It is used to identify and isolate the causes of a problem
Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
sometimes called the “fishbone diagram” because of its structure.
Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
a Japanese quality expert who developed the Cause-and-Effect Diagram
Kaoru Ishikawa
a structured form for collecting and analyzing data.
check sheet
These are the graphical representation of data presented by columns on a graph which vary in height depending on the frequency or number of times a specific range of data occur
Histograms
These are used to show the relationship between two (2) numerical data.
Scatter Diagrams
This is used to study data for trends or patterns over a specified period of time focusing on vital changes in the process
Run Charts
It refers to a predictable process where outputs meet customer needs
Ideal
It refers to a predictable process; however, it does not consistently meet customer needs.
Threshold
It refers to a process that is unpredictable, but the outputs still meet customer requirements
Brink of chaos.
it refers to a process that produces unpredictable levels of nonconformance
State of chaos.
This involves investigating the cause of a problem by grouping data into categories. The groups include data relative to the environment, the people involved, the machine(s) and materials used in the process, and so on.
Stratification
It represents Japanese words that describe the steps of a workplace organization process
Five-S.
It refers to the practice of distinguishing necessary things and eliminating the unnecessary things in the workplace.
Seiri (Sort)
it refers to the practice of creating an orderly storage so items can be located efficiently.
Seiton (Straighten, Set)
It refers to the practice of maintaining a clean workplace so problems like leaks, spills, or furniture damages can be more easily identified.
Seiso (Shine, Sweep)
It refers to the practice of setting up standards for a clean workplace.
Seiketsu (Standardize).
It refers to the practice of supporting behaviors and habits that maintain organizational standards for the long-term success of the company.
Shitsuke (Sustain)
It is a graphic representation of a process.
Flow Charts
It is used to obtain relevant feedback from internal and external customers. I
Survey
It involves a paper-and-pencil instrument that is administered to the respondents.
Questionnaire
It involves two (2) persons: the researcher as the interviewer, and the respondent as the interviewee.
Interview
is the name given by the Japanese to the concept of continual incremental improvement.
“Kaizen”
responsible for establishing Kaizen as the corporate strategy of the organization.
Role of executive management
are responsible for implementing the Kaizen policies established by the executive management.
Role of middle managers.
are responsible for applying the Kaizen approach in their functional roles by developing plans, improving communication, maintaining morale, providing coaching for teamwork activities, and for soliciting Kaizen suggestions from employees.
Role of supervisors.
are responsible for participating in Kaizen by taking part in teamwork activities, engaging in continual self-improvement activities, and enhancing job skills through education and training.
Role of employees.
This approach focuses on maximizing customer value while minimizing waste
Lean Approach
the process of developing a better product or service at the minimum amount of resources
lean operation
It refers to the excessive manufacturing of a product or delivery of a service.
Overproduction waste
It refers to the excessive inventory stored in a warehouse.
Inventory waste.
It refers to the unnecessary movement into the production process or into the delivery of services.
Motion waste
It refers to the rejected work or rework as the result of production or processing errors
Defects waste
It refers to the idle time of people, machines, or processes because of unavailable resources.
Waiting waste. `
It refers to the underuse capabilities of technology or underutilized talents, skills, and creativity of people.
Underutilization waste.
This tool is used to promote ease of communication.
Visual Workplace Systems.
This tool is used to achieve the optimum plant layout that will minimize motion wastes
Layout
This tool is used to ensure that processes involving repetitive tasks are being accomplished in the most efficient and productive manner.
Standardized Work (SW).
This tool is used to make process conversions as rapidly as possible
Quick Changeover (QCO)
This tool is used to ensure that all equipment and parts of a specific process are in good condition and ready for use when needed.
Productive Maintenance (PM).
This approach is used to improve production processes to the point where the defect rate is 3.4% per million or less which makes a company more competitive, profitable, and successful.
Six Sigma Approach
This approach refers to a data-driven quality strategy for improving processes.
DMAIC Approach
It involves determining customer requirements, defining variables in production, and identifying the process standards of a company.
Define
It involves understanding the process, evaluating risks on process inputs, and measuring current performance of a company through data collection.
Measure
It involves identifying the wastes in production and analyzing collected data to determine root cause of wastes and opportunities for improvement.
Analyze
It involves designing process improvements to formulate creative solutions to fix and prevent problems.
Improve
It involves development, documentation, and implementation of an ongoing monitoring plan to ensure that processes are being carried out based on the established standards.
Control
