Handout 3 Flashcards
a set of guiding principles that govern humans’ right and wrong actions
Ethics
states that the good result of an action should outweigh any harm that it might cause
Utilitarian Principle
states that actions should respect and protect the moral rights of others
Rights Principle
states that equality should prevail in any given situation
Fairness Principle
states that actions should contribute to the general welfare of the community
Common Good Principle
states that actions should be consistent with certain ideal virtues
Virtue Principle
pertains to the belief earned by a person who is reliable and honest
Trust
pertains to deeply held beliefs of a person that form the very core of that particular person
Values
reflects the ability of a person to display honesty and strong moral principles
Integrity
pertains to the accountability of a person to take ownership for his/her actions
Responsibility
It is based on the belief that people are basically good
Best-Ratio Approach
It is based on the certainty that right is right, wrong is wrong, and
conditions are irrelevant
Black-and-White Approach.
It is based on the philosophy that people are responsible for realizing their
full potential within the confines of morality
Full-Potential Approach
establishing and enforcing policies and practices that ensure that all employees are treated ethically
Creating an Ethical Environment
An organization that takes the “Do as I say, not as I do” approach to ethics will
not succeed
Setting an Example
pertains to the ability of the organization to express their actions to the satisfaction of a broad cross-section of stakeholders
Full-disclosure Model
suggests that management
decisions must be in accordance to the benefit of many
Full-disclosure Model
In this model, the mean refers to the average or middle point
between two (2) extremes
Doctrine of the Mean Model
This proposes that in any situation, a moderate middle-ground option
is likely to be an ethical option
Doctrine of the Mean Model
based on: “Do unto others as you would have
them do unto you.”
Golden Rule Model
based on the belief that any legal action that promotes profitability
is ethical
Market Ethics Model
This model is based on loyalty to the organization
Organizational Ethics Model
Its underlying
premise is that the most ethical decision is the one that best serves the organization’s interests
Organizational Ethics Model
suggests that organizations have the freedom to behave as they wish as long as they do not infringe on the rights of stakeholders
Equal Freedom Model.
based on the assumption that the world is so complex
that decisions are seldom clearly right or wrong
Proportionality Ethics Model
based on the principle of peer review
states that a decision is
ethical if it can be explained to the approval of a broad cross-section of professional peers
Professional Ethics Model.
People are, by their very nature, self-interested and, as a result,
self-protective
Self-interest and Self-protection
People who believe in ethical values (honesty, loyalty, fairness, etc.) sometimes
find themselves in situations where these values seem to conflict
Conflicting Values
People frequently make decisions that contradict
their beliefs because the benefits of ethical decisions are often intangible or deferred while the
perceived benefits of unethical decision are usually both tangible and immediate
Tangible or Intangible, Immediate or Deferred.
Since the benefits of ethical behavior can be perceived as
being intangible and deferred, people will sometimes choose the unethical option—even people
who believe in ethical values
Making Ethics Tangible and Immediate
