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Haemostasis Nd Platelet Flashcards

1
Q

Thrombosis is what

A

Inaccurate coagulation leading to excess bleeding

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2
Q

Blood coagulation has how many phase and what are they

A

Vascular phase
Platelet phase
Coagulation cascade

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3
Q

Endothelin is a hormone secreted by to do what

A

Secreted by endothelial cells lining the inner wall of blood vessels

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4
Q

Platelet phase are

A

3
Adhesion
Activation
Aggregation

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5
Q

What is the adhesion stage of platelet

A

It is when platelet stick to ruptured blood vessels through glycoproteins

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6
Q

Plasmin is responsible for

A

The asymmetrical degradation of fibrin

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7
Q

Characteristics of platelet

A

Non non nucleated
Colorless

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8
Q

Actiavated platelets possesses

A

Filopodia that is tail
While the inactivated ones has no tail

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9
Q

Cell membrane of platelets contains

A

1)Glycoproteins: they prevent the stickyness of platelets to normal endothelium but speed up the adhesion to collagen and damaged endothelium

2) phospholipid: this accelerates the clotting reaction

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10
Q

Tubulin does what to platelet

A

Tubulin helps platelet to maintain its disc shape when inactivated

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11
Q

Platelets count in high altitude

A

Increases

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12
Q

Properties of platelet

A

Adhesion
Aggregation
Agglutination

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13
Q

What is the adhesive nature of platelet

A

When platelet comes in contact with the collagen outside of our blood vessels they become activated and stick

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14
Q

What stimulates the platelet to stick to the ruptured endothelium

A

Von willebrand factor

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15
Q

Von willebrand factor is secreted by

A

Ruptured endothelium

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16
Q

Von willebrand disease

A

A condition of excess bleeding due even in mild injury due to deficiency of Von willebrand factor which causes the adhesion of platelet to damaged blood vessels

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17
Q

Aggregation of platelet is

A

When the activated platelet develops filopodia and start sticking to one another at a particular site

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18
Q

Aggregation of platelet is activated by

A

ADP
secreted by glycoproteins in the cell membrane of platelet

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19
Q

Agglutination is

A

Clumping of platelet

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20
Q

Activators of platelet

A

Collagen
Von willebrand factor
ADP
Thrombin
Calcium ions
Thromboxane A2

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21
Q

Inhibitors of platelet

A

Nitric oxide
Prostacyclin
Clotting factor 2,9,10,11 and 12

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22
Q

Platelet are formed at

A

Bone marrow … colony forming megakaryocytes

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23
Q

Stimulating factor of platelet production is

A

Thrombopoetin and CSF

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24
Q

Thrombocytopenia is

A

Reduced platelet count

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25
Thrombocytosis
Increase platelet count
26
Thrombocythemia
Abnormal and persistent increase in platelet count
27
Lifespan of platelet is
10days
28
Platelet are destroyed where
Spleen Splenomegaly( increased sizes of spleen)… decrease platelet Splenectomy( removal of spleen) increase platelet
29
Hemostasis
Stoppage of blood
30
What glycoproteins causes aggregation of platelet
Activated platelet secretes THOMBOXANE A2 and ADP
31
Stages in blood clotting
Formation of prothrombin activator Conversion of prothrombin into thrombin Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
32
Clotting factor 1
Fibrinogen
33
Clotting factor 2
Prothrombin
34
Clotting factor 3
Thromboplastin
35
Clotting factor 4
Calcium
36
Clotting factor 5
Labile factor
37
Clotting factor 7
Stable factor
38
Clotting factor 8
Antihemophilic factor
39
Clotting factor 9
Christmas factor
40
Clotting factor 10
Struat prower factor
41
Clotting factor 11
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
42
Clotting factor 12
Hageman factor ( contact factor)
43
Clotting factor 13
Fibrin stabilizing factor ( fibrinase)
44
Stages in the Instrinsic pathway to formation of prothrombin activator
Contact factor( factor 12) comes in contact with collagen and become activated Activated factor 12 activates factor 11 Activated factor 11 will now activate factor 9 ( IN THE PRESENCE OF FACTOR 4 which is calcium) Activated factor 9 activates factor 10 with factor 8 + factor 4( calcium) Activated factor 10 will come in contact with phospholipid and factor 5 to form PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR
45
Prothrombin activator does
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
46
Thrombin does
Activates fibrinogen and Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
47
Define blood clot
Is a mass of entrapped RBC WBC AND PLATELET in a fibrin mesh work
48
Fibrinolysis is
The dissolution of fibrin inside the lumen of the blood vessels
49
Fibrinolysis is done by what protein
Plasmin
50
Plasmin production is stimulated by
Thrombomodulin Secreted by Endothelium after intravascular clotting
51
What are anti coagulant
They prevent or postpone clotting of blood
52
A natural anti coagulant is
Heparin
53
What is thrombosis
Coagulation of blood inside the blood vessels
54
What is haemophillia
Prolonged clotting time due to a defect in the gene that codes for the protein that clots wound leading to increased bleeding time
55
Purpura
Prolonged bleeding time
56
Each megakaryocytes gives rise to
1000-5000 platelet
57
Megakaryocytes differentiate in the bone marrow in a site called
Osteoblastic niche
58
Megakaryocytes differentiate by
Endomytotic synchronous replication This is where the cytoplasm volume increases Without dna replication
59
Normal platelet count is
100-300*10^9/L
60
Platelets are able to adhere to collagen due to
A glycoprotein called GpIa
61
What glycoproteins are important for platelet to bind to Von willebrand factor
Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa
62
Reason for no adhesion and aggregation of platelet to normal blood vessels walls is
Due to secretion of prostacyclin( high gmp) and nitric. Oxide

Hematology (12 decks)

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