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Hematology > Haemostasis Nd Platelet > Flashcards

Haemostasis Nd Platelet Flashcards

1
Q

Thrombosis is what

A

Inaccurate coagulation leading to excess bleeding

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2
Q

Blood coagulation has how many phase and what are they

A

Vascular phase
Platelet phase
Coagulation cascade

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3
Q

Endothelin is a hormone secreted by to do what

A

Secreted by endothelial cells lining the inner wall of blood vessels

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4
Q

Platelet phase are

A

3
Adhesion
Activation
Aggregation

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5
Q

What is the adhesion stage of platelet

A

It is when platelet stick to ruptured blood vessels through glycoproteins

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6
Q

Plasmin is responsible for

A

The asymmetrical degradation of fibrin

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7
Q

Characteristics of platelet

A

Non non nucleated
Colorless

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8
Q

Actiavated platelets possesses

A

Filopodia that is tail
While the inactivated ones has no tail

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9
Q

Cell membrane of platelets contains

A

1)Glycoproteins: they prevent the stickyness of platelets to normal endothelium but speed up the adhesion to collagen and damaged endothelium

2) phospholipid: this accelerates the clotting reaction

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10
Q

Tubulin does what to platelet

A

Tubulin helps platelet to maintain its disc shape when inactivated

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11
Q

Platelets count in high altitude

A

Increases

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12
Q

Properties of platelet

A

Adhesion
Aggregation
Agglutination

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13
Q

What is the adhesive nature of platelet

A

When platelet comes in contact with the collagen outside of our blood vessels they become activated and stick

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14
Q

What stimulates the platelet to stick to the ruptured endothelium

A

Von willebrand factor

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15
Q

Von willebrand factor is secreted by

A

Ruptured endothelium

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16
Q

Von willebrand disease

A

A condition of excess bleeding due even in mild injury due to deficiency of Von willebrand factor which causes the adhesion of platelet to damaged blood vessels

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17
Q

Aggregation of platelet is

A

When the activated platelet develops filopodia and start sticking to one another at a particular site

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18
Q

Aggregation of platelet is activated by

A

ADP
secreted by glycoproteins in the cell membrane of platelet

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19
Q

Agglutination is

A

Clumping of platelet

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20
Q

Activators of platelet

A

Collagen
Von willebrand factor
ADP
Thrombin
Calcium ions
Thromboxane A2

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21
Q

Inhibitors of platelet

A

Nitric oxide
Prostacyclin
Clotting factor 2,9,10,11 and 12

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22
Q

Platelet are formed at

A

Bone marrow … colony forming megakaryocytes

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23
Q

Stimulating factor of platelet production is

A

Thrombopoetin and CSF

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24
Q

Thrombocytopenia is

A

Reduced platelet count

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25
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Increase platelet count

26
Q

Thrombocythemia

A

Abnormal and persistent increase in platelet count

27
Q

Lifespan of platelet is

A

10days

28
Q

Platelet are destroyed where

A

Spleen

Splenomegaly( increased sizes of spleen)… decrease platelet

Splenectomy( removal of spleen) increase platelet

29
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stoppage of blood

30
Q

What glycoproteins causes aggregation of platelet

A

Activated platelet secretes THOMBOXANE A2 and ADP

31
Q

Stages in blood clotting

A

Formation of prothrombin activator
Conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

32
Q

Clotting factor 1

A

Fibrinogen

33
Q

Clotting factor 2

A

Prothrombin

34
Q

Clotting factor 3

A

Thromboplastin

35
Q

Clotting factor 4

A

Calcium

36
Q

Clotting factor 5

A

Labile factor

37
Q

Clotting factor 7

A

Stable factor

38
Q

Clotting factor 8

A

Antihemophilic factor

39
Q

Clotting factor 9

A

Christmas factor

40
Q

Clotting factor 10

A

Struat prower factor

41
Q

Clotting factor 11

A

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

42
Q

Clotting factor 12

A

Hageman factor ( contact factor)

43
Q

Clotting factor 13

A

Fibrin stabilizing factor ( fibrinase)

44
Q

Stages in the Instrinsic pathway to formation of prothrombin activator

A

Contact factor( factor 12) comes in contact with collagen and become activated

Activated factor 12 activates factor 11

Activated factor 11 will now activate factor 9 ( IN THE PRESENCE OF FACTOR 4 which is calcium)

Activated factor 9 activates factor 10 with factor 8 + factor 4( calcium)

Activated factor 10 will come in contact with phospholipid and factor 5 to form PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR

45
Q

Prothrombin activator does

A

Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

46
Q

Thrombin does

A

Activates fibrinogen and
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

47
Q

Define blood clot

A

Is a mass of entrapped RBC WBC AND PLATELET in a fibrin mesh work

48
Q

Fibrinolysis is

A

The dissolution of fibrin inside the lumen of the blood vessels

49
Q

Fibrinolysis is done by what protein

A

Plasmin

50
Q

Plasmin production is stimulated by

A

Thrombomodulin
Secreted by Endothelium after intravascular clotting

51
Q

What are anti coagulant

A

They prevent or postpone clotting of blood

52
Q

A natural anti coagulant is

A

Heparin

53
Q

What is thrombosis

A

Coagulation of blood inside the blood vessels

54
Q

What is haemophillia

A

Prolonged clotting time due to a defect in the gene that codes for the protein that clots wound leading to increased bleeding time

55
Q

Purpura

A

Prolonged bleeding time

56
Q

Each megakaryocytes gives rise to

A

1000-5000 platelet

57
Q

Megakaryocytes differentiate in the bone marrow in a site called

A

Osteoblastic niche

58
Q

Megakaryocytes differentiate by

A

Endomytotic synchronous replication

This is where the cytoplasm volume increases Without dna replication

59
Q

Normal platelet count is

A

100-300*10^9/L

60
Q

Platelets are able to adhere to collagen due to

A

A glycoprotein called GpIa

61
Q

What glycoproteins are important for platelet to bind to Von willebrand factor

A

Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa

62
Q

Reason for no adhesion and aggregation of platelet to normal blood vessels walls is

A

Due to secretion of prostacyclin( high gmp) and nitric. Oxide

Hematology (12 decks)

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