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Haematopoeisis Flashcards

1
Q

Haematology is the study of

A

Blood, organs that make blood and diseases that affect blood

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2
Q

Blood forming organs include

A

Liver,thymus,spleen,yolk sac,bone marrow

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3
Q

What is blood

A

Blood is a group of cells that float in a liquid called PLASMA

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4
Q

The liquid that Carries blood cells is made up of what

A

Lipid,carbs,protein,blood cells,salt etc but majorly water

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5
Q

What are the blood cells

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

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6
Q

What is heamtopoesis

A

Heamtopoesis is the formation of blood cells

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7
Q

Formation of leukocytes is called

A

Leukopoeisis

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8
Q

Leukopoiesis is the formation of

A

Granulocytes, monocytes

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9
Q

Magakaryopeisis is the formation of
And it is also called

A

Platelets
Also called thrombopoeisis

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10
Q

Haematopoeisis is regulated by

A

Glycoproteins hormones

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11
Q

Glycoproteins hormones known as

A

Growth factor

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12
Q

The compartments or stages to the formation of blood cells are

A

Stem cells compartment
Progenitor compartment
Precursor compartment

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13
Q

Stem cells are defined as

A

Undifferentiated cells that can divide for indefinite periods of time and be able to provide offsprings cells that are specialized

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14
Q

Multi potential cells are

A

Stem cells

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15
Q

What are multi potential cells

A

Cells capable of giving rise to family of blood cells

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16
Q

Stem cells have self renewal potential

TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

A pluripotent cells

A

Is a cells that can differentiate to all types of blood cells

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18
Q

A progenitor cells

A

Is a cells that can only produce one lineage of blood cells

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19
Q

Progenitor cells produce little self renewal

TRUE/FALSE

A

True

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20
Q

Macromolecules in a haematopoetic environment includes

A

Collagen
Fibronectin
Thrombospondin
Tenascin

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21
Q

Ontogeny is the

A

Origination and Development of an organism (both physical and psychological)

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22
Q

Ontogeny of heamtopoesis
Fetus-

3-6 weeks of gestation

A

Yolk sac

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23
Q

Blood is produced where during the 6-22 week of gestation

A

Liver,spleen

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24
Q

Blood is produed where at 5-9 months of intra-uterine life

A

Bone marrow

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25
Infants undergoes haematopoeisis at
Bone marrow ( all bones)
26
Adults produces blood cells at there
Bones which are STERNUM,ribs, vertebrae, sacrum,pelvis, proximal end of femur
27
Extra medullary haematopoeisis is taken up by which organ in adult hood
Liver and spleen
28
Surrogate markers of HSC are
CD34
29
What regulates haematopoeisis
Growth factors
30
Growth factor and target cells 1)Stem cell factor 2)Flt ligand 3)Interleukin 3 4)Interleukin 6 5)Thrombopoetin
1)Pluripotent haematopoetic stem cell 2)PHSC 3)multipotent progenitors 4)multipotent progenitors,B-lmyphocyte, megakaryocytes 5)multipotent progenitors
31
A single proerythroblast give rise to
16 matured red blood cell
32
Reticulocyte can be identified by
Staining with methylene blue
33
Regulators of erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin Vitamin b12 Iron Folic acid Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine or pyridoxial phosphate PLP)
34
Regulators of red blood cells include
Vitamin E Protein Carbs Hormones- thyroxin and androgens
35
Megakarypoesis is the formation of
Platelets
36
Megakaryocytes differentiate by
Endo mitosis
37
Regulators of megakaryocytes are
Thrombopoetin and cytokines
38
Life span of leucopoeisis
6-10 days
39
Neutrophils life span
6hrs in blood 2-4 days in tissues
40
Life span of eythropoeisis
6-7 days from pro erythroblast to reticulocyte
41
Reticulocyte to fully matured red blood cells takes
2-3days
42
Life span of red blood cells
100-120days
43
Life span of platelets
7-10days
44
What are the two types of stem cells that comes from pluripotent stem cells
Long term stem cells Short term stem cells
45
Myeloid stem cells give rise to
RBC WBC PLATELETS Eosinophils Basophils Neutrophils
46
Lymphoid stem cells give rise to
Lymphocytes ( T AND B Lymphocytes )and natural killers
47
Self renewal characteristics and of stem cells means
One cell will replace the differentiating stem cells while the stem cell will continue to the progenitor phase
48
What is a stem cell
An unspecialized cell that can differentiate into any specialized cell and another stem cell
49
Stem cell niches are found
Spongy bone( cancellous bones)
50
What happens in red bone marrow
Active heamtopoesis
51
What happens in yellow bone marrow
Fat,capillaries, reticular cell, inactive haematopoeisis
52
What are the stem cell niches
Endostealum niche Vascular niche
53
What is a niche
A niche is a site where something is located at signals can be sent there
54
Characteristics of endostealum niche
Inhibition of differentiation Self renewal
55
Stem cells migrate from the surface of the endostealum to the blood vessels to
Differentiate ( vascular niche)
56
What does growth factor do
Regulate proliferation and maturation( without growth factor, cells will not grow)
57
Where is erythropoietin produced and what does it do
Kidney Increases erythrocytes precursor
58
Where is thrombopoetin produed and function
Liver Stimulate platelet formation
59
Main stimuli of erythropoesis
Hypoxia
60
Extra medullary haematopoeisis is a condition where
The liver and the spleen helps in the production of blood cells when the long bones are not efficient in a disease
61
Stem cells repopulate a bone marrow by process of
Chemotherapy or lethal irridation
62
CD34+ and CD38- is a marker that indicated that
Long term haematopoetic stem cells are present in bone marrow and absent in bone marrow respectively
63
Secondary organs for producing lymphocytes (B and T)
Spleen thymus and lymph nodes
64
Stromal cells that maintain the survival and function of a stem cell include Micro environment niche for stem cell
Fibroblast, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cell, adipocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages
65
These stomal cells major job is to
Secrete glycoproteins
66
Glycoproteins act as a hormone to haematopoetic stem cells
True
67
Properties of growth factor
1) they may act where they are produced(BM) or act in plasma( erythropoietin) 2) they act on low concentration 3)produced by many cell types 4) may act on more than one lineage 5) have multiple actions 6) two or more growth factor can work together ( synergise) to produce one cell lineage
68
Major source of growth factor
Stromal cells
69
Thrombopoetin growth factor is 90% secreted by
Liver
70
Apoptosis is
Programmed cell death
71
Haematopoeisis takes place in a conducive
Microenvironment
72
What growth factor stimulates multipotent progenitors
Interleukin 3 interleukin 6
73
Interleukin 5 is a growth factor to
Colony stimulating factor for eosinophils
74
Megakaryocytes growth factor stimulant is
Interleukin 6 thrombopoetin( majorly)
75
Erythopoeitin target cell is
Erythroid progenitor cell
76
Two types of stem cells
Self renewal stem cell Stem differentiating stem cells
77
Asymmetric population of stem cells implies that
Not all stem cells in a population performs the same job
78
Stem cell plasticity
Stem cells have the capabilities of becoming another type of cell other than blood cell
79
Uncommitted stem cells are called
Pluripotent stem cells
80
Committed stem cells are called
Progenitor stem cell
81
At what compartment are we able to identify the nature of the cell under the microscope
Precursor compartment
82
The major part that we find stem cell in bone marrow is
Perivascular space

Hematology (12 decks)

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