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Hematology > Haematopoeisis > Flashcards

Haematopoeisis Flashcards

1
Q

Haematology is the study of

A

Blood, organs that make blood and diseases that affect blood

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2
Q

Blood forming organs include

A

Liver,thymus,spleen,yolk sac,bone marrow

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3
Q

What is blood

A

Blood is a group of cells that float in a liquid called PLASMA

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4
Q

The liquid that Carries blood cells is made up of what

A

Lipid,carbs,protein,blood cells,salt etc but majorly water

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5
Q

What are the blood cells

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

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6
Q

What is heamtopoesis

A

Heamtopoesis is the formation of blood cells

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7
Q

Formation of leukocytes is called

A

Leukopoeisis

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8
Q

Leukopoiesis is the formation of

A

Granulocytes, monocytes

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9
Q

Magakaryopeisis is the formation of
And it is also called

A

Platelets
Also called thrombopoeisis

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10
Q

Haematopoeisis is regulated by

A

Glycoproteins hormones

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11
Q

Glycoproteins hormones known as

A

Growth factor

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12
Q

The compartments or stages to the formation of blood cells are

A

Stem cells compartment
Progenitor compartment
Precursor compartment

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13
Q

Stem cells are defined as

A

Undifferentiated cells that can divide for indefinite periods of time and be able to provide offsprings cells that are specialized

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14
Q

Multi potential cells are

A

Stem cells

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15
Q

What are multi potential cells

A

Cells capable of giving rise to family of blood cells

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16
Q

Stem cells have self renewal potential

TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

A pluripotent cells

A

Is a cells that can differentiate to all types of blood cells

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18
Q

A progenitor cells

A

Is a cells that can only produce one lineage of blood cells

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19
Q

Progenitor cells produce little self renewal

TRUE/FALSE

A

True

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20
Q

Macromolecules in a haematopoetic environment includes

A

Collagen
Fibronectin
Thrombospondin
Tenascin

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21
Q

Ontogeny is the

A

Origination and Development of an organism (both physical and psychological)

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22
Q

Ontogeny of heamtopoesis
Fetus-

3-6 weeks of gestation

A

Yolk sac

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23
Q

Blood is produced where during the 6-22 week of gestation

A

Liver,spleen

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24
Q

Blood is produed where at 5-9 months of intra-uterine life

A

Bone marrow

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25
Q

Infants undergoes haematopoeisis at

A

Bone marrow ( all bones)

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26
Q

Adults produces blood cells at there

A

Bones which are
STERNUM,ribs, vertebrae, sacrum,pelvis, proximal end of femur

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27
Q

Extra medullary haematopoeisis is taken up by which organ in adult hood

A

Liver and spleen

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28
Q

Surrogate markers of HSC are

A

CD34

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29
Q

What regulates haematopoeisis

A

Growth factors

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30
Q

Growth factor and target cells

1)Stem cell factor
2)Flt ligand
3)Interleukin 3
4)Interleukin 6
5)Thrombopoetin

A

1)Pluripotent haematopoetic stem cell
2)PHSC
3)multipotent progenitors
4)multipotent progenitors,B-lmyphocyte, megakaryocytes
5)multipotent progenitors

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31
Q

A single proerythroblast give rise to

A

16 matured red blood cell

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32
Q

Reticulocyte can be identified by

A

Staining with methylene blue

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33
Q

Regulators of erythropoiesis

A

Erythropoietin
Vitamin b12
Iron
Folic acid
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine or pyridoxial phosphate PLP)

34
Q

Regulators of red blood cells include

A

Vitamin E
Protein
Carbs
Hormones- thyroxin and androgens

35
Q

Megakarypoesis is the formation of

A

Platelets

36
Q

Megakaryocytes differentiate by

A

Endo mitosis

37
Q

Regulators of megakaryocytes are

A

Thrombopoetin and cytokines

38
Q

Life span of leucopoeisis

A

6-10 days

39
Q

Neutrophils life span

A

6hrs in blood
2-4 days in tissues

40
Q

Life span of eythropoeisis

A

6-7 days from pro erythroblast to reticulocyte

41
Q

Reticulocyte to fully matured red blood cells takes

A

2-3days

42
Q

Life span of red blood cells

A

100-120days

43
Q

Life span of platelets

A

7-10days

44
Q

What are the two types of stem cells that comes from pluripotent stem cells

A

Long term stem cells
Short term stem cells

45
Q

Myeloid stem cells give rise to

A

RBC
WBC
PLATELETS
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils

46
Q

Lymphoid stem cells give rise to

A

Lymphocytes ( T AND B Lymphocytes )and natural killers

47
Q

Self renewal characteristics and of stem cells means

A

One cell will replace the differentiating stem cells while the stem cell will continue to the progenitor phase

48
Q

What is a stem cell

A

An unspecialized cell that can differentiate into any specialized cell and another stem cell

49
Q

Stem cell niches are found

A

Spongy bone( cancellous bones)

50
Q

What happens in red bone marrow

A

Active heamtopoesis

51
Q

What happens in yellow bone marrow

A

Fat,capillaries, reticular cell, inactive haematopoeisis

52
Q

What are the stem cell niches

A

Endostealum niche
Vascular niche

53
Q

What is a niche

A

A niche is a site where something is located at signals can be sent there

54
Q

Characteristics of endostealum niche

A

Inhibition of differentiation
Self renewal

55
Q

Stem cells migrate from the surface of the endostealum to the blood vessels to

A

Differentiate ( vascular niche)

56
Q

What does growth factor do

A

Regulate proliferation and maturation( without growth factor, cells will not grow)

57
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced and what does it do

A

Kidney

Increases erythrocytes precursor

58
Q

Where is thrombopoetin produed and function

A

Liver

Stimulate platelet formation

59
Q

Main stimuli of erythropoesis

A

Hypoxia

60
Q

Extra medullary haematopoeisis is a condition where

A

The liver and the spleen helps in the production of blood cells when the long bones are not efficient in a disease

61
Q

Stem cells repopulate a bone marrow by process of

A

Chemotherapy or lethal irridation

62
Q

CD34+ and CD38- is a marker that indicated that

A

Long term haematopoetic stem cells are present in bone marrow and absent in bone marrow respectively

63
Q

Secondary organs for producing lymphocytes (B and T)

A

Spleen thymus and lymph nodes

64
Q

Stromal cells that maintain the survival and function of a stem cell include

Micro environment niche for stem cell

A

Fibroblast, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cell, adipocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages

65
Q

These stomal cells major job is to

A

Secrete glycoproteins

66
Q

Glycoproteins act as a hormone to haematopoetic stem cells

A

True

67
Q

Properties of growth factor

A

1) they may act where they are produced(BM) or act in plasma( erythropoietin)

2) they act on low concentration

3)produced by many cell types

4) may act on more than one lineage

5) have multiple actions

6) two or more growth factor can work together ( synergise) to produce one cell lineage

68
Q

Major source of growth factor

A

Stromal cells

69
Q

Thrombopoetin growth factor is 90% secreted by

A

Liver

70
Q

Apoptosis is

A

Programmed cell death

71
Q

Haematopoeisis takes place in a conducive

A

Microenvironment

72
Q

What growth factor stimulates multipotent progenitors

A

Interleukin 3

interleukin 6

73
Q

Interleukin 5 is a growth factor to

A

Colony stimulating factor for eosinophils

74
Q

Megakaryocytes growth factor stimulant is

A

Interleukin 6

thrombopoetin( majorly)

75
Q

Erythopoeitin target cell is

A

Erythroid progenitor cell

76
Q

Two types of stem cells

A

Self renewal stem cell
Stem differentiating stem cells

77
Q

Asymmetric population of stem cells implies that

A

Not all stem cells in a population performs the same job

78
Q

Stem cell plasticity

A

Stem cells have the capabilities of becoming another type of cell other than blood cell

79
Q

Uncommitted stem cells are called

A

Pluripotent stem cells

80
Q

Committed stem cells are called

A

Progenitor stem cell

81
Q

At what compartment are we able to identify the nature of the cell under the microscope

A

Precursor compartment

82
Q

The major part that we find stem cell in bone marrow is

A

Perivascular space

Hematology (12 decks)

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