HAEMOPHILUS

Question 1

Gram-negative, small, pleomorphic coccobacilli
or rods

Answer 1

HAEMOPHILUS

Question 2

H. influenza, H. ducreyi, H.
parainfluenzae, H. paraphorobilus, H.
parahaemolyticus, H. pittmaniae, H. aegypticus
and H. segnis

Answer 2

HAEMOPHILUS SPECIES

Question 3

• Greek word: Haima and philos means “blood
  lover”.
• Obligate parasite on the mucous membrane of
  humans

Answer 3

HAEMOPHILUS SP

Question 4

• Fastidious, non-motile, caphnophilic and
  facultatively anaerobic bacteria.
• Clinical specimen very susceptible to dying and
  extreme temperature.
• Most specie cannot grow on pure BAP

Answer 4

HAEMOPHILUS SP

Question 5

(+) catalase; Oxidase (+);
except

Answer 5

H. segnis

Question 6

X (hemin) and V (nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide)

Answer 6

Growth factors of HAEMOPHILUS SP

Question 7

• Main cause of meningitis in children
• As early as less than 12 months, you can
  receive the vaccine for H. influenzae

Answer 7

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Question 8

Spread of H influenzae

Answer 8

nasopharynx → lymph nodes →meninges

Question 9

• Very fastidious and rapidly killed by phagocytes
• Only member of the genus that produces IgA
  protease
• Does not produce endotoxin

Answer 9

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Question 10

person to person (respiratory droplets)

Answer 10

MOT of HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Question 11

translucent, convex, tan-colored&
mucoid with “mousy” or “bleach-like odor”

Answer 11

Culture: CAP HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Question 12

Polysaccharide
capsule (serotypes A to F)

Answer 12

Principal Virulence factor of HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Question 13

: IgA protease, fimbriae
and lipopolysaccharide

Answer 13

Other Virulence factor of HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Question 14

(-) porphyrin (necessary for
the production of heme and later on for the
production of hemoglobin)

Answer 14

Biochemical test of HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Question 15

• Based on capsular characteristic. of H. influenza
• Encapsulated form: types A, B, C, D, E and F
  (capsular types)

Answer 15

TYPABLEFORM

Question 16

Most commonly known
type of H. influenzae. It can cause of serious
infections in human and the leading cause of
meningitis in unvaccinated children

Answer 16

H. influenza type B (Hib):

Question 17

• Does not produce capsule (non-capsulated
  strains)
• Indigenous microbiota of URT and adheres to
  human EC

Answer 17

NON-TYPABLE FORM

Question 18

• Second prevalent etiologic agent for otitis media.
• Other: Conjunctivitis and sinusitis

Answer 18

NON-TYPABLE FORM

Question 19

• Agent of chancroid or “soft chancre

Answer 19

HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI

Question 20

• Infects the mucosal epithelium, genital and nongenital skin, and regional lymph nodes.
• Painful and tender genital lesions that advance
  to ulcer with satellite lesion

Answer 20

HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI

Question 21

Buboes or suppurative,
enlarged, draining, inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 21

Hallmark of chancroid:

Question 22

Commonly found indigenous microbiota of the
URT of adults.

Answer 22

HAEMOPHILUS PARAINFLUENZAE

Question 23

• Distinguishing characteristics
  o Mousy/bleach-like odor; non-haemolytic
• Growth Factor
  o X, V
• Associated Infection/disease
  o Meningitis, epiglottitis, arthritis

Answer 23

H. INFLUENZAE (PFEIFFER’S BACILLUS)

Question 24

• Distinguishing characteristics
  o Genetically related to H. influenzae
• Growth Factor
  o X, V
• Associated Infection/disease
  o Pink eye conjunctivitis

Answer 24

H. AEGYPTICUS (KOCH-WEEKS BACILLUS)

Question 25

* Distinguishing characteristics o Non-typable (they don’t have capsule) * Growth Factor o X, V * Associated Infection/disease o Brazilian purpuric fever

Answer 25

H. INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTICUS

Question 26

* Distinguishing characteristics o School of fish * Growth Factor o X * Associated Infection/disease o Chancroid or Soft chancer

Answer 26

H. DUCREYI

Question 27

* Distinguishing characteristics o Tan and dry colonies; Beta-haemolytic * Growth Factor o V * Associated Infection/disease o Pharyngitis

Answer 27

H. PARAHAEMOLYTICUS

Question 28

* Distinguishing characteristics o Fructose and maltose fermentation * Growth Factor o V * Associated Infection/disease o Endocarditis

Answer 28

H. PARAINFLUENZAE

Question 29

Cleansed with sterile gauze that is pre-moistened with sterile phosphate-buffer saline

Answer 29

H. ducreyi

Question 30

resemble an “amorphous serous material” because of their pleomorphic appearance.

Answer 30

Gram-stain

Question 31

detects the presence of enzymes that converts delta-aminolevulenic acid into porphyrins.

Answer 31

Porphyrin Test:

Question 32

Kovac’s reagent (other name: pdimethylaminobenzaldehyde)

Answer 32

* Identifying the heme-producing species of Haemophilus. * Reagent

Question 33

red color

Answer 33

Porphobilinogen

Question 34

– reddish-orange color (UVL 300 nm)

Answer 34

Porphyrins

Question 35

(+) Exhibits a red color

Answer 35

(H. parainfluenzae, H. parahaemolyticus, H. paraphrobilus and H. aphrophilus)

Question 36

(-) Result

Answer 36

H. influenza, H. haemolyticus, H. aegypticus and H.ducreyi.

Question 37

Haemophilus species that need the X factor are unable

Answer 37

to synthesize porphyrin from delta-ALA (aminolevulinic acid)

Question 38

preferred medium for Haemophilus because it contains the X and V factor

Answer 38

CAP

Question 39

grows best at 35C to 37C (except H. ducreyiat 33C) and 5 to 10 CO2

Answer 39

Haemophilus

Question 40

H. influenzae, grows as “satellites” on BAP and produce NAD

Answer 40

V-factor dependent Haemophilus

Question 41

nly NAD required

Answer 41

Grown anaerobically

Question 42

4 days incubation

Answer 42

H. aegypticus

Question 43

–7 days incubation

Answer 43

H. ducreyi

Question 44

: horse’s blood-bacitracin agar for respiratory secretion of patient with cystic fibrosis

Answer 44

H. influenzae

Question 45

CAP with 1% IsoVItaleXor Vitox

Answer 45

H. aegypticus

Question 46

Nairobi biplate medium (combination of gonococcal agar and MHA with horse’s blood and vancomycin)

Answer 46

H. ducreyi

Question 47

rapid direct identification of capsular antigen of H. influenzae

Answer 47

Neufeld quelling test