Haematostasis

Question 1

What do we use to from clots?

Answer 1

Platelets
Coagulation factors
VonWiillebrand factor

Question 2

What keeps clots confined to the site of injury?

Answer 2

Natural anticoagulants

Question 3

What causes the clot to vanish?

Answer 3

Fibrinolytic system

Question 4

What signals activate clotting?

Answer 4

Abnormal endothelial surface

Physiological activator

Question 5

What abnormal surface is recognised in vessel damage?

Answer 5

Collagen

Question 6

What do the receptors on platelets do?

Answer 6

Activate the platelet

Question 7

What is the function of the canalicular system in the platelet?

Answer 7

Allows the cell to transport thing from intracellular to the cell membrane

Question 8

What glycoproteins bind to collagen from the platelet?

Answer 8

GP Ia/IIa

GP VI

Question 9

What glycoproteins bind to fibrinogen from the platelet?

Answer 9

IIb/IIIa

Question 10

What glycoprotein binds to von willebrand factor from the platelet?

Answer 10

Glycoprotein Ib

Question 11

What role do platelet have in haemostasis?

Answer 11

Adhereing
Activation
Aggregation
Phospholipid surface for coagulation

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

Answer 12

Inhibits Cyclooxygenase preventing activation

Question 13

What is the most common bleeding disorder?

Answer 13

vWF disorder

Question 14

What factors are in the coagulation pathway?

Answer 14

Clotting factor XII
Clotting factor XI
Clotting factor IX
Clotting factor VIII
Clotting factor X
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen

Question 15

What clotting factor is deficient in Haemophilia A?

Answer 15

Factor VIII

Question 16

What clotting factor is deficient in Haemophilia B?

Answer 16

Factor IX

Question 17

What is the action of thrombin?

Answer 17

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Activation of intrinsic coagulation pathway

Question 18

What is the role of TFPI in anticoagulation?

Answer 18

Inactivates activated factor VII and factor X

Question 19

What are the 3 most important anticoagulant components?

Answer 19

Protein C/S
TFPI
AT

Question 20

What is the action of Activated protein C in anticoagulation?

Answer 20

Inactivates activated factor V and factor VIII

Question 21

What is the action of AT in anticoagulation?

Answer 21

Inactivates Activated factor VIII, IX, X, XI, and thrombin

Question 22

What causes fibrinolysis?

Answer 22

Plasminogen activators

Question 23

What is the action of t-PA?

Answer 23

Protease of plasminogen converting it to plasmin

Question 24

What is the result of fibrinolysis?

Answer 24

Fibrin degradation products

Question 25

What is the most relevant fibrin degradation product?

Answer 25

D-dimer

Question 26

What are plasminogen inhibitors?

Answer 26

PAI-1 | PAI-2

Question 27

What are plasmin inhibitors?

Answer 27

Alpha2 antiplasmin | Alpha2 macroglobulin

Question 28

What is the method of action of clopidogrel and ticagrelor?

Answer 28

Inhibition of ADP/P2Y12 pathway to prevent platelet adherence

Question 29

What is the method of action of abciximab?

Answer 29

Prevents binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

Question 30

What is the method of action of warfarin?

Answer 30

Prevents production of clotting factor II, VII, IX, and X in the liver

Question 31

How do the heparins work?

Answer 31

Increase action of antithrombins and prevent activation of Factor X from converting prothrombin to thrombin