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Haematology and immunology > Haematostasis > Flashcards

Haematostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What do we use to from clots?

A

Platelets
Coagulation factors
VonWiillebrand factor

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2
Q

What keeps clots confined to the site of injury?

A

Natural anticoagulants

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3
Q

What causes the clot to vanish?

A

Fibrinolytic system

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4
Q

What signals activate clotting?

A

Abnormal endothelial surface

Physiological activator

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5
Q

What abnormal surface is recognised in vessel damage?

A

Collagen

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6
Q

What do the receptors on platelets do?

A

Activate the platelet

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7
Q

What is the function of the canalicular system in the platelet?

A

Allows the cell to transport thing from intracellular to the cell membrane

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8
Q

What glycoproteins bind to collagen from the platelet?

A

GP Ia/IIa

GP VI

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9
Q

What glycoproteins bind to fibrinogen from the platelet?

A

IIb/IIIa

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10
Q

What glycoprotein binds to von willebrand factor from the platelet?

A

Glycoprotein Ib

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11
Q

What role do platelet have in haemostasis?

A

Adhereing
Activation
Aggregation
Phospholipid surface for coagulation

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

Inhibits Cyclooxygenase preventing activation

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13
Q

What is the most common bleeding disorder?

A

vWF disorder

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14
Q

What factors are in the coagulation pathway?

A 
Clotting factor XII
Clotting factor XI
Clotting factor IX
Clotting factor VIII
Clotting factor X
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
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15
Q

What clotting factor is deficient in Haemophilia A?

A

Factor VIII

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16
Q

What clotting factor is deficient in Haemophilia B?

A

Factor IX

17
Q

What is the action of thrombin?

A

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Activation of intrinsic coagulation pathway

18
Q

What is the role of TFPI in anticoagulation?

A

Inactivates activated factor VII and factor X

19
Q

What are the 3 most important anticoagulant components?

A

Protein C/S
TFPI
AT

20
Q

What is the action of Activated protein C in anticoagulation?

A

Inactivates activated factor V and factor VIII

21
Q

What is the action of AT in anticoagulation?

A

Inactivates Activated factor VIII, IX, X, XI, and thrombin

22
Q

What causes fibrinolysis?

A

Plasminogen activators

23
Q

What is the action of t-PA?

A

Protease of plasminogen converting it to plasmin

24
Q

What is the result of fibrinolysis?

A

Fibrin degradation products

25
Q

What is the most relevant fibrin degradation product?

A

D-dimer

26
Q

What are plasminogen inhibitors?

A

PAI-1

PAI-2

27
Q

What are plasmin inhibitors?

A

Alpha2 antiplasmin

Alpha2 macroglobulin

28
Q

What is the method of action of clopidogrel and ticagrelor?

A

Inhibition of ADP/P2Y12 pathway to prevent platelet adherence

29
Q

What is the method of action of abciximab?

A

Prevents binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

30
Q

What is the method of action of warfarin?

A

Prevents production of clotting factor II, VII, IX, and X in the liver

31
Q

How do the heparins work?

A

Increase action of antithrombins and prevent activation of Factor X from converting prothrombin to thrombin

Haematology and immunology (19 decks)

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